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Web Development - Complete Fast Track Course (2019)
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Web Development - Complete Fast Track Course (2019)
all right here's web development explained in ten minutes well cover six critical areas of web development which together form a complete web development stack that means we'll start with user interfaces in the front-end code they're made of we'll talk about api's and how data gets transferred over networks will touch on backends databases security a hardware servers run on and modern cloud computing but before any of that let's look at how web development has evolved over the past 20 or so years we started with web 1.0 the era of static web pages that essentially just displayed information we had the dot-com bubble Seinfeld AOL and a lot of web pages that looked like this in other words they were very useful in the mid to late 2000s web 2.0 they're of dynamic Web Apps started to emerge while there's no agreed-upon definition web apps are usually characterized by user-generated content push notifications and all the other things that give us anxiety now many believe we're entering a new third era customized AI driven experiences that are different for every user two examples are the YouTube recommendation algorithm as well as Amazon knowing what we want to buy more than we do these advances have blurred the lines between web development and the rest of software development let's dive into our stack starting with front-end notably this is what the user sees and interacts with directly it's the portal from our app to the outside world most everyone is familiar with the front end Trinity HTML CSS and JavaScript it all starts in the browser though when you visit a URL this will kick off a request for index.html from Google servers an HTML files only made up of two things we have text and more importantly tags these tags can modify text add links break our page into sections and add classes that we can apply styles to we also have standalone tags essentially these tell the browser to load additional assets whether that's an image or additional files one such file might be a CSS file which creates an additional request of the Google servers and we receive it at all scan through and loaded HTML and add styling this is done through selectors and attributes selectors find elements and keep you broad searching for all matching a tag or more narrow with a class or ID an attributes are the styles we apply here's some examples something nerve-wracking for all people learning CSS is how to do spacing you can do 95% of your spacing if you master something called flex bucks I'll leave a great link in the description to learn this CSS isn't logical it's mostly just practicing memorizing and applying what you've learned for this reason Google is your friend back to our HTML file there's one more important tag we need to talk about it's the script tag which allows us to load JavaScript files from our server or elsewhere on the Internet by the way servers that send these kind of files we're talking about are generally referred to as web servers so we see a script tag we request our file and it gets sent over let's look at some of the stuff javascript is responsible for with an example let's say we have a button that logs us in what triggers the log in is known as a user event or a click on the button to respond to this event we need what's known as a listener some code that waits for the button to be clicked and responds accordingly when the click happens JavaScript can update our HTML to show a loader so JavaScript would update the appearance of our page we then send this login data to our server to validate it jeaious lets us talk to our server without reloading the page these can request whether it's to send data or request more data are known as Ajax asynchronous JavaScript and XML requests in 2020 almost all front-end developers are using frameworks here's a few frameworks ranked from easy to hard to learn and here's them ranked by usage these frameworks don't do anything javascript can't do but they give us a better developer experience which when you're making changes or fixing bugs is pretty much everything that being said browsers can only run JavaScript not framework code so our framework code has to go through a build or bundle step which converts it to normal JavaScript the important part is to choose one and stick with it although keep in mind that react and angular have an order of magnitude more jobs than the other two okay we have our front-end but how does it talk to the backend that's the purpose of an API essentially our front end and back in may or may not be in different languages so how do we standardize a way for these two to talk well we do that with what's called an API most commonly REST API z' are used which follow the convention of combining a verb with a location for example we might want to get a list of accounts or add a new account alternatively if we pass a parameter we could get a specific count modify it or delete it rest does give us some nice standards but there's no guarantees if anything changes our front-end can get messed up so there's an alternative called RPC which sets rules in advance with something called a schema these make inputs and outputs explicit in advance now house data transferred well that's done most commonly by sending strings back and forth through a protocol known as HTTP ideally these strings can be read by any programming language two common formats are JSON and XML and we convert data to a JSON string through a process called serialization so web development backends our back-end application layer can glue together multiple different components we can talk to front ends other servers and databases you can write web backends and pretty much any language but the most popular are Python JavaScript PHP and sure c-sharp do back in frameworks are commonplace too to make your life easier and here's the most common one for each language I mentioned if you're wondering when we would talk to other servers backends are often broken into what's known as services this is just a pattern to separate logic that can make things easier to scale and to work on other than responding to api's backends might do various other batch processes which are often done on a timer one example of this could be web scraping to talk to databases backends often use what's known as an ORM these just give us more semantic ways through query our database add to it and so on there are entire college courses on databases but let's talk about them at a high level there are two main types of multifunctional databases namely sequel and no sequel each provides different strengths and guarantees sequel databases are organized in a strict column representation format that means to write or add to the database you have to adhere to the set of rules or it won't work these stricter rules allow you to do more complicated things when you're reading from your database alternatively no sequel databases don't really have rules they just have collections which are groups of objects so a user object might have name and email but it's not enforced these scale much better but you have to be careful because there are no guarantees about the structure of your data again there are many more database principles that apply and what you use is totally circumstantial the three most popular databases are probably my sequel Postgres and MongoDB finally you should know that when we're trying to scale up our application databases are usually the slowest and they're the bottleneck and resolving these scaling issues also has entire books written about it let's touch on web security any web app with the login will need to consider authorization and authentication the login itself provides authentication authentication will usually give the user a string based token that is a random sequence of characters this is then used on the server-side to validate each request authorization on the other hand defines different user roles so if I'm an admin I would be able to do different things than a normal user we're almost to the end let's touch on infrastructure and networking data centers are pretty much where all servers and web servers exist unless you have a dedicated server running at home that's always on these servers are just computers without monitors that are constantly running they can be controlled with SSH a direct way to control the machine from the command line but most of what they do is automated through scripts you can group multiple servers into a private network each server in a network is called a node and in private networks servers can communicate quickly and securely servers that talk to the outside world have more to worry about they're usually set up with a reverse proxy it's a gateway that exposes specific ports to the outside world a port just being a machine specific address a process is running on so you might want to expose a REST API sport but not a database port nowadays most of this Hardware management is handled by companies like AWS and digitalocean who run their own data centers and rent out space on demand this is where the term cloud computing comes in you can rent a fraction of a single server for an hourly or monthly cost cloud providers like AWS will usually offer a lot of additional free services that keep you on their platform cloud computing is expand beyond just having servers as a service though you could run individual functions for a very low cost on demand - so if I wanted to send an email every time something happened in my front-end I can put that in a cloud function moving on if everything after the front-end section was not getting you that excited in this video then you can actually now use an entire back-end as a service that means everything from database to API configuration to security is handled by the service this means you can get apps up and running in a matter of hours and it's really easy one example is firebase it's a service I love and use all the time anyway guys that was web development in 10 minutes please like the video so more people can see it and subscribe if you want more web and software development content you
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so the trick to Android development is to choose the right tools for the job and to learn only the skills you really need to build the kind of app
online to help you through that said unity is still very powerful very flexible and C used by a lot of professional developers in fact many of your favorite games
from the Play Store were probably built using unity way to try and make a game in Android studio you need to learn Java you need to understand classes and
libraries you need to create the physics engine yourself so you're handling things like gravity and collision whereas unity does all that for you makes it so much easier while
still being as powerful as you could need even as a professional developer if you're someone would like to create an android game but you think maybe it's too difficult
it involves too much code then I hope this videos gonna demonstrate just how quick and simple and easy the whole process can be I'm gonna really run through it
though so if you want to slow things down and understand what each step does then follow the link in the description down below as you'll see though the process
really is very simple you don't need any prior knowledge and as long as you've got unity and the Android SDK installed on your computer already then you'll be good
to go okay so seven minutes let's go so the first thing you want in any game is probably play a character so you're gonna open up paint or whatever
I mean obviously there's better tools to use for this foot this is all about the morality and the easiest and quickest player character to make is a square with
handles things like the physics and controls it provides certain assets for you ready-made it basically makes the whole process of creating a game much simpler so you can focus
a face full of attitude this guy you're gonna take squarey and you're gonna drop him into your game like that so he's a sprite we also need some platforms
for him to walk on so drag your platform into your game in the exact same way cool thing is look you can drag and reshape this so if you
copy that and then paste it you can make as many as you want to select your player character squarey and then you're gonna open up up here on the
right the inspector and in the inspector you're gonna say add component physics 2d rigidbody 2d so this is basically 2d physics for your character and what we're gonna do
is we're going to drag the camera onto square e like so in the hierarchy these along the top here are controls that you can use to decide what you
want to do with your game objects and that one's used for moving stuff around if we place it right on top of square e then it kind of makes
more sense cuz you can click play and now he's in the center of the screen so anything that's a child of anything else will follow that thing around anyways
enough talk work okay so select square e the problem you can obviously see here is he's falling through the ground so we want to add another component and this
time we're going to add physics 2d box Collider 2d I'm gonna do the same thing with the platform here add component physics 2d box Collider 2d once more and
if we copy these now then we'll also be copying over that new Collider and the new physics okay so now click Play and hey that's starting to look more
promising okay now the next thing we're going to do is create our first script so that we can actually start controlling what happens in this game but don't worry
it's very easy so first of all go down to your assets folder in the project window here and you're gonna right-click anywhere and say create folder script now with
that open right click and say create c-sharp script and we're going to call this player controls - double-click on that and it should open up the visual studio for
you here alright and this is your first script you'll see there's already some code here I'm going to reference here because I'm not no mister remember however I did
write the reference so it doesn't feel like cheating alright so what we're doing up here is we're going to create a new object of the type rigidbody 2d like
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Adobe Photoshop From Zero to Pro free course 2020
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Adobe Photoshop From Zero to Pro free course 2020
all right how do they always do this in the films you grab it like this feel super clunky hello and welcome to this video tutorial brought to you by vidcom I am fired up today because we're going to talk about 15 features and concepts in Photoshop that are gonna take you from kind of a novice in Photoshop to being much more of an intermediate or quote-unquote power user as they like to use the professional community I'm not professional so I don't like to use that term I like to just call you the buddy who knows how to use Photoshop pretty well so we're gonna cover a bunch of interesting things this isn't just like creating a smiley face and slapping a stupid bevel and emboss on it and then calling yourself Photoshop Pro or anything like that this is going to be real legitimate skills that you can use in Photoshop I have a feeling the tutorials going to go on a little long but I'm gonna have a video guide you can click ahead and see what's in this tutorial down in the description for this video also I should mention road is so kindly providing us with the equipment we're using today to record this tutorial so we can thank them for the amazing audio quality that we're getting things like that and also oh by the way there's a link that should appear somewhere up over here for a link to the Tut vidcom website you can pick up an entire course that I did on how to retouch images it'll really push your Photoshop game to the next level and help you out just by checking out the link it helps out top vidcom
Adobe Photoshop From Zero to Pro free course 2020
can always do things like it click any one of these icons to pop out like a there's the actions panel great you can drag it right out of there you can have the actions panel out here now I can just you know float the actions over here if I don't want actions open hit the little X and close it and then if I want actions again go window actions and we have actions open back up now let's say we've played around with the UI we love the way it is it's perfect for us it's time to save the user interface click this little drop down menu and choose new workspace name it whatever you want this is it whatever this is T this is it there we go and you can not only save the actual layout of the workspace but you can also save any keyboard shortcuts you've set any hotkeys if you will you can adjust the menus in Photoshop you can save that and also you can actually get rid of tools on the toolbar you can save that as well so you would hit save and then it appear just like my little vid workspace it would appear as a new workspace you can use now when you're working with your workspace if you make a big mess of it and you know crap is all over the place and you know there we go you realize but that's the end of the day time to reset and clean everything up just go and choose reset workspace name and it's going to bring everything back to where it belongs now one of the other great things about the UI is virtually every panel right like here's the layers panel they have these little flyout menus attached to them you click it you get all kinds of cool little features that have to do with the dialog box you get the options for that dialog box and options always contain neat stuff that you can customize and change like the thumbnail size or how they like the contents that the thumbnail shows and some other neat things that can be useful for Photoshop later on down the road I'm going to drag this guy right back into there and place them in there oh by the way if I have this out and I want to just make like a new box over here so I want channels to stay there I don't want layers to sit next to channels I can click and drag and hover between two boxes see that's solid blue line let go layers is now sort of its own little module if you will just floating in place but I want it to sit next to channels so there we have it now as we go all through all these features and concepts in Photoshop I want to talk about some common mistakes that I see so I'm going to try to hit like one common mistake per 15 things now the common mistake that I see with the UI is people ignoring the preferences Photoshop preferences interface now in on the PC this will be edit Photoshop interface edit preferences interface oh yeah there we go but anyway get to the Preferences dialog box under interface you can customize the entire color theme of Photoshop now I prefer working in a very dark UI so I go with like the darkest or the second darkest you can change all kinds of things down here that can be cool hit OK you can also right click on your artboard out here or you're working cannabis whatever you want to call it and choose like different colors black light gray you can even go custom and you know but you can set the custom color ratings that custom color do a yellow play a prank on your buddy and he'll think photo shops broken but then of course you can right click and go right back to dark gray and everything is fine and well with the world again so that's the Photoshop UI now let's move on to file handling and like the concept of the PSD so a PSD is generally the file you're going to be working with in Photoshop it allows you to have things like multiple layers and save those multiple layers the PSD is not like your JPEG or PNG web graphic or gif animation file it's not any of that it's a it's a working file that you're going to use when you're working in Photoshop and then you export a jpg out from that P that PSD the PSD you would not display on your website because you know like Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox then we're going to be able to display it plus it's a massive file you also couldn't upload something like Facebook or reddit or wherever you hang out and make your playground on the web so you need to export your PNG or your your gift your gif your whatever or your JPEG from that PSD but the PSD is the high quality creme de la creme best of the best file with all of your layers it's your working file so it doesn't go out to the web but a copy of it goes out to the web in the form of an optimized JPEG or PNG or something like that so now that we understand the concept of the PSD and kind of where it lives let's talk about creating a new document in Photoshop file new now here's the important the hotkey command or control and you're going to use it all the time command and on the Mac control and on the PC set a width set a height set a resolution 72 is a good one for screen 300 is a good one if you know it's probably going to be printed of course color mode RGB CMYK or la B slash grayscale whatever you're doing if you're working with any of those color spaces you can also choose a bit depth again 8-bit is probably fine don't overthink it just go with a size a resolution a 300 pixel per inch resolution image can be used on the web so you're not going to like mess everything up if you don't choose the right resolution again don't overthink it just start making stuff so one of the other things we can do is drag files into Photoshop now you can literally drag files from your your file browser like this and drop them right into the open file in Photoshop I'm going to hit the leaks I don't want to do that you can also go file place embedded place link is a little bit different the way it works a little more complicated quite frankly a little bit more powerful but we're not going to get into all that in this tutorial so place embedded and you choose the same thing you choose the image you want to import and it's going to place it right in that file now if you want to drag a photo into Photoshop and like this let's let's call this the common mistake for dealing with files in Photoshop if I want to drag a file into Photoshop but not have it drop into my open image on the Mac I grab the image and I drop it on the Photoshop icon it's going to open it as an image the sandwich is already open so it takes me to the open version of that image on my screen or on the PC what you would do is you would let me get back to the finder you would drag your image into Photoshop and drop it up here onto this top bar so you do that and the PC will open it as as a fresh clean image in Photoshop so now let's move on to viewing your documents so you can see I've got a bunch of different files open in Photoshop here ok do it the Hat this little app PSD woman in cafe yadda yadda yadda we can quickly navigate through our tabbed files by hitting ctrl tab and that's control tab for the Mac or for the PC control shift tab navigates backward through our list here if you don't like the tab navigation you can go window arrange and choose to float all in Windows this will take all of our files and float them in windows like that I don't necessarily like that so I'm going to go arrange consolidate all to tabs and it can consolidate everything to tab not necessarily in the order I had the moment ago but hey it does the job nonetheless now if you want to drag a graphic or an image from one document to another let's say we want to drag this entire image and drop it into the photo of that woman in the cafe right over here well what we can do is simply grab our move tool click and drag the image we're holding and I'm holding above woman in cafe and then I simply let go and now that whole image is over here in woman in cafe I'm going to hit my delete key I don't necessarily want that image over here but I just want to show you how that's done let's zoom in on this image here let's say we're in here and we're retouching her skin or maybe cleaning up some spots up here and we need to quickly navigate down to a different part of her body this is kind of the common mistake that I see when people when when especially beginners are working in Photoshop you use the sidebars we really don't want to use the sidebars they're thin they're difficult to get a handle on and it's just really slow if we're working on this part of her face and we need to get down to like what she's drinking any tool it doesn't matter what tool you have selected in Photoshop any tool you have selected if you hold down the spacebar key your cursor temporarily turns into a hand icon and you can quickly scrub through your image to the part that you want to be like Oh spacebar and you're back to using whatever tool you were using so if it's a brush tool and you're for some reason painting black that's like oh we got to get up to our face there's not enough you know blackness on her forehead she looks like she doesn't look like she's been working in the coal mine and we know well you know how I feel about that so we got to put some get some soot and dust on her forehead and maybe some down here on her hands and so on and so forth you get the point though when you're painting or healing right maybe see we need want to retouch away this freckle or whatever beauty mark and we can quickly navigate around our image using just hold down the spacebar key doesn't matter what tool you're selecting it temporarily switches to the hand tool which allows you to just pull and drag and view any part of the open image so let's talk about layers in Photoshop layers the easiest way to explain them if I get my microphone straight here is like a big sandwich you got your bread you've got a protein you've got like a condiment mayo mustard whatever maybe some vegetables some cheese some tomato some some a little this a little that a little you know what I mean but a pink boom and you got a sandwich layer layer layer layer layer that's exactly how a PSD works so let's check it out in practice here so we're going to stick here with this woman in the cafe image and over in your layers panel you can hit the new layer icon it's going to create a new layer on this new layer we can I just have the brush tool here we can paint whatever we like just a you know a bunch of squigglies here and if we realize we don't want them well they're not actually locked into our image they're up on their own layer we can shut that layer off by clicking a little icon we can turn the layer back on by clicking the icon we can duplicate the layer by using the hotkey command or ctrl J or simply by clicking and dragging the layer and dropping it on the new layer icon delete a layer by just selecting and hitting the delete or backspace key or you of course you can just drag the layer down to the garbage can one of the things you can do with layers is you can reduce the layer opacity so you click this little drop down use this slider and you can see the the contents of the layer becomes see-through depending on how opaque or transparent you wish them to be we also have these things called layer styles layer styles are pretty cool because they allow you to blend the artwork on your layer with the underlying layers in a variety of different ways so you can use them to intensify contrast you can use them to brighten or darken or kind of anything in between change color all kinds of stuff like that so let's just uh let's delete this layer let's create a new layer here I'll show you what I mean I'm going to drag this down to the garbage can let's create a new layer and from the swatches panel I'm gonna select like I don't know a hot pink as my color so hot pink is now my foreground color so I'm painting with hot pink I'm gonna paint just a line straight down from from her hair down to her her blouse or shirt here I'm going to use the hot key multiply or the hot key the blend mode multiply now multiply and all of these blend modes here tend to darken the image they all work with the the currently selected layer they blend it with the layers beneath in a darkening um in a darkening way I guess is the best way to put it whereas these the group of screen and lighten they kind of brighten things you can see how it's blending it but now it's you know brightening everything up everything here with overlay and soft light down to hard mix these all primarily will affect the contrast of your layers so they kind of really add some Vava voom if you will now it really kind of blows your skin out makes look you know not all that great soft light is like a light and not so intense version of overlay a difference in exclusion subtract divide and the hue/saturation color we're not going to get into them right now I would recommend you play with all of these blend modes become familiar with them you're going to use them more probably than any of the other blend modes especially if you're doing web graphic work or retouching things like that you're going to use blend modes quite often a digital artwork as well I should add you can also apply what are called layer styles to any layer by going layer layer style and let's just go blending options this is going to open our layer style dialog box you can apply stuff like a bevel and emboss it gives us this really not so flattering looking bit of artwork but you know if you've never used it before and click on bevel emboss by the way to get to all of the settings and options you can change you never used it before yeah it looks pretty impressive you can tick on tick off preview to see what you're getting I'm going to shut off bevel and emboss you can also go with like a drop shadow and apply a drop shadow beneath this change the angle the drop shadow change the distance of the drop shadow maybe make job shadow more blurry by adjusting the size so all kinds of things like that change the color of the drop shadow again you have a blend mode here an opacity slider so you can really affect how the drop shadow blends with the image over which it is placed I'm going to shut that off though I would urge you to come into the layer styles and play around with them we're going to touch on layer styles again in just a moment but before we do you can also group multiple layers together like we saw over in the PSD so let's just duplicate this layer drag it down to the new layer icon I'm going to pull it down over here we can select both layers hold down the shift key and just click and select one layer and select the other command or control G groups them now we have a layer group we can name it lines or whatever we want you can apply a blend mode to an entire layer group or you can reduce the opacity of an entire layer group so layer groups can be really useful they just help you keep things organized you can always right click and choose ungroup layers it's going to delete the group but not the layers within it so that can be helpful I'm going to delete this layer that we just created now the common mistake that I see with layers and particularly really layer styles I'm going to double click here out in this open area of my layer by the way you can double click the layer name to change the layer to change the layer name or to rename it if you double click over in this open area it's going to open your layer style dialog box using bevel and emboss is very over done by people who are somewhat new to photoshop and I don't mean to like shovel this in your face and say that you're terrible at Photoshop maybe a little bit but you know hey we we all suck at one point don't worry even the greats and I'm not a great but even the greats were awful at one point so don't be discouraged but one of the things that a lot of newer Photoshop users tend to do is slap bevel and emboss on a lot of stuff slap drop shadows on a lot of stuff because it's impressive and it's powerful and it feels good to do it because it's new to you so what I would recommend is go and play with Photoshop get past that a little bit before you start trying to apply it to client work it's just a bad look it really doesn't look professional anymore I actually don't know if it ever did look professional but it really doesn't look professional now but too much bevel emboss is a no-go so next let's talk about selection tools I'm just going to delete this big pink line let's use this image right here I want to talk about selection tool so part of the beautiful thing about Photoshop part of what makes it an incredibly powerful image processor and graphics creator is the ability to create selections the ability to work on a specific part of an image and not touch anything else we do that with selections by selecting something like here in this image maybe we just want to change the color of her shirt we can do that maybe we want to add a graphic to the screen of this iPad we can do that select her hair and change the color of her hair we can do that but if we just go and wholesale change the color of everything well let me just show you what happens about a pop open hue saturation hot key by the way commander controlled you we can change the color and we can give her like this blue hair but then obviously as you can see everything's messed up if we could constrain that to just her hair by for selecting her hair well hey wouldn't that be beautiful it would I mean maybe not the hair it's a little eccentric for me but hey to each to each his own the selections begin with the marquee tools let's grab the rectangular marquee tool and here's how it works you simply click and drag a selection now I've got rounded corners that's because we have feathering applied to our selection feathering just means that if you fill this with a color so if I fill it with the pink here alt backspace option delete on the Mac it's going to have kind of this fuzzy edge I I don't want that I'm going to deselect my selection by hitting command or control D by the way a very important hotkey deselect I think was the first hotkey I ever learned in Photoshop command or ctrl D you going to use it all the time it'll just become like muscle memory you won't even realize you're using it so what we're going to do is we're going to set our feather to the default which by the way is zero and this allows us to create a hard-edged selection now when you have a selection tool selected like the rectangular marquee tool you can click and drag within your selection to move that selection around here's an important distinction if we grab the move tool and we click and drag we're actually going to move the pixels that are being selected so if you need to move your selection you really want to make sure that you have your rectangular marquee tool selected it's going to save you so much frustration now what if we want to add to the selection we want to make the selection bigger we can simply hold down our Shift key and click and drag and we make our selection bigger and bigger and bigger now if we want to get rid of some of the selection hold down our alt or option key and just select a big chunk of it and voila we've gotten rid of a big you know Lunken part of our selection and we're just left this little rectangle again let's say commander ctrl D to deselect now as you're dragging on a selection maybe you haven't gotten the selection just perfect simply hold down your spacebar key and you can move the selection around and then drop it exactly where you need it to go and then you place your selection right where it needs to be without having to worry about creating a selection up it's not the right size commander ctrl D to deselect let me try to get it again I messed it up again you can just move as you're creating the selection to get the perfect selection the first time every time so one of the other things we can do with these rectangular and by the way there's an elliptical marquee tool you have these lasso tools you have this quick selection tool and the magic wand tool which is I don't really use it much but the quick selection tool can be useful for just like painting over an area like her sweater here and saying I quickly select all of that it does an okay job you usually have to go in and refine it a little bit but let's not get off course here with something like the rectangular marquee tool under the style drop-down menu you can choose a fixed size let's just go with a thousand pixels by 450 pixels click it you don't even have to click and drag you just drop it and it's automatically a thousand pixels wide by 450 pixels tall and you have your selection commander control D to deselect actually I'm going to drop a selection on here again to fill the selection you can just hold a hit alt backspace that is option delete on the Mac and it fills that and again if we use our skills that we learned before about lay simply create a new layer first fill that shape on a new layer commander ctrl D to deselect we can grab like our move tool and we've created this pink box that we can move around and it's up on its own layer we can delete it at any time we like by hitting the Delete key now the common mistake that I'll see with folks who are using the marquee tools is sometimes you have a selection active in your document like a little tiny selection which is very difficult to z2c or maybe you've accidentally hit command or control H while you have it selected to the marching ants disappear commander control H to bring those marching ants back then you grab like your brush tool and you just want to paint well nothing is appearing it it seems to me like the brush tool is broken instead of freaking out just go like select and hit deselect that way if there's anything that's selected it'll just deselect it and sometimes it can be very tricky because like if you do 50 pixels for a feather and you create a tiny little selection Photoshop is going to say look no pixels more than 50% are selected this selection edges will not be visible hit OK there is something there in fact if I take the brush tool when I paint over it we can see we're painting like a little pink area only right there because it's selected so you want to make sure that you just go ahead and go select deselect if you're painting and nothing's happening because see now when I paint it paints lines everywhere so make sure that you don't have a little hidden selection selected somewhere that you don't know about and it's preventing you from doing anything in Photoshop alright so next up is the move tool now the move tool I'm gonna go back to the PSD if I can find it there it is the move tool allows us to actually move pixels but if we select layers in the layers panel or entire layer groups in fact so here we have navbar if we just click and drag you can see we're moving this whole navigation area of the image I'm going to go up to view show and shut off these smart guys we're going to touch on that in a second and then I'm going to drag that and pop it right back up into place at the top of the document maybe move it over just a little bit so we can actually descend within this or maybe let's go let's go down here to the album's and go to the of the past and you can see if I select the of the past layer group I can drag that whole area around wherever I like or I can just select an individual layer like the of the past text so it's a text layer I can shut it off turn it on I can use my arrow keys to navigate or not navigate to nudge a graphic or a piece of text or an image or whatever I want around and if you hold down your Shift key by the way you can nudge it in larger increments so I'm cutting it up and down you can go right you can go left you can do whatever with the move tool you can click and drag and hold down the shift key and constrain to go straight up and down or go straight left or right or even like on a 45 degree angle either way depending on what you want to do I'm going to undo that stuff so the move tool can be very very useful for just generally moving things around with just about any object in Photoshop you can hold down the alt or option key click and drag and you pull a copy of that out in fact you can see it duplicated that layer for us so we have two of the past text layers I don't want that I'm just going to delete key and get rid of it now one of the other things you can do with the move tool and I think it often goes unnoticed especially initially when you first start using Photoshop is the fact that you can align with the move tool in a couple ways but let's take a look at the more obvious way let's take this of the past text and let's just move it straight to the right like that but we know it needs to be aligned to the vertical Center perfectly well here's what we do we go select select all and look up here in our control bar for the move tool we have all of these alignments icons that have lit up so we can say all right well we can align to the the Centers of the document the I guess it would be the L there you go the vertical centers we don't want that I'm going to command or control Z to undo we can go align to the vertical or the horizontal centers excuse me like that and it's going to move of the past text right into the perfect middle of our document command or ctrl D to deselect and there we have it now one of the common mistakes I see people making with the move tool is more like a personal preference thing some of you will love it some of you will absolutely hate it under view I shut them off before view show smart guides I love smart guides I think they're so so so useful they give you these sort of heads-up guides as you're moving around you can see here like I can drag this over and align it perfectly with the edge of the twenty-eighth photos right so it'll tell me like right there I'm aligned perfectly with the edge of 28 photos and now my text I know is lined up well I can line this up you know with the right side of the subscribe button whatever it is I keep kind of just messing it up but smart guides can help you so much and sort of almost automatically guide you into aligning objects and shapes and images whatever in your Photoshop document very very quickly it does all kinds of cool measuring things very very useful to have it turned on but again if it's something that you're not doing a lot of it also can get pretty annoying having all these lines appearing all these little pixel markers telling you different measurements and things so if you don't like it you can always go view like I said view show smart guides right view show smart guides and get rid of it so that's the move tool so next up we have shape tools now shape tools in Photoshop are pretty cool you might think oh this is pretty obvious they allow you to draw shapes they do a bit more than that see when you select a shape tool and by the way you've got rectangle rounded rectangle circles polygons which can also be converted to a star a line tool which can be a little confusing to use especially initially and also custom shape tool which gives you all these cool custom shapes here by the way if you don't have all these loaded in hit the little flyout menu and choose to load all be a nice little hack so I'm just going to stick with the straight rectangle rectangle tool now with these tools you can choose to create a shape a path or pixels we're not going to touch on path shape is a path based shape so technically it is creating a path but it's a filled path and an entire shape layer again if you're new to photoshop that might sound more confusing than it is just try not to obsess over the details start doing it and the more you do it you'll begin to understand how it all works let's begin with pixels though because it's pretty simple doing this you simply set your foreground color to a color let's say we want to draw a green shape let's go ahead and grab a green here let's create a new layer and we're going to drag out a green rectangle it just gives us a straight pixel rectangle on a new layer and you might think great this is exactly what I need this is amazing and it is pretty amazing and it's cool and all of that but there's nothing else you can really do with it at this point you can't if you need to adjust it you can't go and quickly adjust it to an exact pixel shape or size or anything like that quite like you can a shape layer so let's talk about the shape layers go back to the rectangle tool and choose shape layer from the drop-down menu now well first of all you can just click once and it's going to say hey what size would you like it to be so you can choose an exact size right off the bat or like you had before you can click and drag out a shape now just like the selection tools if you hold down shift it's going to constrain it to a perfect square if you hold down the Alt bow if you click and drag and then hold down the alt or option it's going to drag out from the center right now it's going to fill this with kind of like a gray from the background because I set my foreground color to gray when I sampled that background color so let's go back to our greens there we go something like that so what I'm gonna do I'm gonna click and just click once and I'm going to say all right let's make this 1200 pixels wide by 700 pixels tall hit OK and we get a nice little rectangle now that we've done that we get a properties panel that opens up well here in the properties panel we can quickly change the width or height we say oh you know what I actually wanted it to be 1400 by 880 all right we can do that we can adjust where it sits the X&Y of the document so we could say we really want it to be 500 pixels X the x axis and maybe 500 as well on the y axis so it's 500 pixels out from that top corner now we can give it a stroke if we like so we give it like a bright blue stroke of 30 points larger or smaller something like that we can change the fill very very easily we could go with a hot pink I'm going to stick with my green though we can say hey stroke we actually want you to be on the outside so we can see all of the green so it flips the stroke to the outside part of our path see the path is that little you know all those dots and the path is connecting all the dots together to make you got it a shape you can choose things like mitered edges and how the ends of the path work you can also round the corners of your rectangle so we can say you know like a 50 pixel round on the corners now if you uncheck the link you can actually make certain corners more round than others so you can make like this corner 150 and this corner like 250 and we can create kind of these funky shapes again very very quickly with the shape tool and we can always go and change the fill change the change the stroke anything you like I'm going to drag the properties panel back over here push it back into that area where it belongs you can also double click and by the way notice they automatically created a new layer it's got this little icon this icon is just telling us hey look this is a shape layer we can double click on the icon or the the layer thumbnail excuse me and it's going to open up our color picker we can change the color at this point maybe we need a deeper green something like that hit OK and there we go we have a nice green rectangle with rounded corners the shape tools are incredibly deep there is so much to them so much that can go right and so much go wrong with them I can't really dive into all of it right now this tutorial trust is going to be long enough but just know there's so much to them let's talk about the quick common mistake that you're going to see and probably run into so like I said if you hold down the shift key and you drag out a square you can get a perfect square but look what happened I dragged that out it messed up my stroke because it's too close to the the shape next to it so the strokes would overlap but it's doing that because look over here it didn't create a new shape layer it simply added to the shape layer why well because I held down the shift key before I started dragging if I start dragging and I get you know a wacky freeform rectangle and then I hold down shift and make it a square it's going to create a new shape layer so what's happening is holding down the shift key just like when we just like when we added to our rectangular marquee selection Photoshop is saying okay you don't want a perfect square you want to add to the shape layer so holding down shift adds to the shape layer instead of creating a new shape layer with a perfect square so you want to start first by clicking and dragging and then hold down the shift key and you'll create a new shape layer and avoid all kinds of frustration along the way all right now next up we have the power of the type tool let's jump in and check it out all right so the type tool it's located over here in your toolbox just the big letter T it's your type tool and it's going to place text in your document with whatever color you have selected up here on your control bar so I can select this green and say you know what I really just need like white or maybe actually if we hover out over the image we can sample this bright yellow from the front side of our this is a clownfish I think or something something like that let's drag out a text box like that and let's type this is a clownfish there we go and then we can hit the little check icon up here to commit our change now this text is has been modified a little bit because over here under my character panel and by the way if you don't have it again just go window character we've done some things to this text so we've number one we've chosen a typeface called League Spartan we've selected this little icon and this icon this is like a faux boldness you can see it just makes your text a little more bold I'm going to uncheck that we also have turned this on this makes your type all caps every little every letter will be a capital letter even if you didn't type it that way and we also gave it this is some distance between the letters so you know kerning tracking all that yes they call tracking for the selected characters so it's you know the width between your letters you can adjust the actual width of the letters you can adjust the line height a lot of things in here that you don't want to neglect and that's kind of the the common mistake that I see a lot of people they just take the text that they've been given they don't tweak it or adjust it sometimes your text needs to be a little taller maybe a little wider or something like that you can do superscripts and subscripts and all kinds of all kinds of stuff I mean just come in here and play around with this it's amazing I am going to increase the distance between my letters you can see there we go that's great but I drag this back over and place it back where it belongs now another thing you can open up the paragraph panel by going window paragraph the paragraph panel is what's going to allow you to align your text now this text will align within the box that we created so if I center align it you can see it simply takes it to the center of the box we created and I can check and commit that change and that's great now one of the other cool things what cool I guess somewhat janky things I guess is this warp text feature in Photoshop and it allows you to do some stuff with your text like you know apply an arc and just do some stuff like that I don't know I honestly I don't think I've ever used this in any kind of meaningful way but it allows you to do all kinds of different things to your type that might be fun and it remains a live type layer now if you want to go in and edit the type you can grab your text tool right and you can just click on a block of text and it's going to allow you to enter the block of text and edit it or add or subtract whatever you want from the text or you can simply double click the T in your layers panel and it's going to automatically highlight all the text in the text block that you have and allow you to go in there and retype or do it every one with it now a neat little trick with the type layers is you can quickly change the color of type let's say we want to change this to like I don't know a hot pink / red if you have the type layer selected you can use that fill hot key alt backspace or option delete and it's going to automatically fill your type with whatever your foreground color is so that's kind of neat I'm going to undo that though get me back to the yellow and as I said a second ago it's just all of this stuff in here about you know tracking and kerning and line-height sizing up your font changing the font adjusting the size of the font that I think is the common mistake that I'll see with type picking out an appropriate typeface and getting the sizing of your type correct is so imperative when it comes to graphic design and even just web design nowadays web design is a lot of flat design a lot of typography getting that stuff right in your designs makes the design go from being a to so-so right so take the time to get the text right find good font pairings and you're absolutely going to fall in love with the stuff you design all right I'm going to come over here to the muscular cows image let's talk about adjustment layers so one of the things that I harp on a lot if you watch any my other tutorials and if you haven't what are you waiting for well one of the things that I harp on is non-destructive editing now adjustment layers allow us to non destructively edit our images and graphics in a very peculiar way and in a very powerful way let's take a look and compare how to make a black and white image with a standard adjustment and with an adjustment layer so I'm going to first thing first things first duplicate my background layer so click and drag and drop it on the new layer icon and there we go we have a second layer I'm going to select the original background and we can go image adjustments and you can see we have all these amazing adjustments and they are super powerful I love them to death we got all kinds of cool things we can do here let's just choose a black and white adjustment here and say let's darken the sky maybe make the greens and the yellows and the Reds let's darken the Reds actually so we darken the Reds up a little bit there we go to make the sky really dark make the grass and the trees a little bit brighter alright hit OK once we've applied that black and white adjustment layer we've got a cool black-and-white image and it's there we can see it in our layers panel it's a black and white image and it's done we save our PSD and remember your PSD is your working file so when you save this your black-and-white image is locked in it's good to go it's there the problem is what if the client doesn't want a black-and-white image and this is your copy of the photo well you've just made it a black and white photo so you either need to go redownload your stock photo and bring it into the project you're working on it's a it's a bunch of it's much ado about not very much an adjustment layer does this allows you to change this and so much more let's check it out let's turn our copy layer on and up here in the adjustments panel you have all these different icons this one right here the black and white swatch is the black and white adjustment layer so these all correspond to all of these adjustments up here in the adjustments sections or brightness contrast levels curves yada yada yada though these are all those commands as separate layers and look at this it actually creates a new layer I can shut this layer off and I still have my color image preserved beneath it I can turn it on I can double click on the the thumbnail and it opens the properties so once again I can just go you know reduce the the brightness of the blue Channel boost the greens boost the yellows darken the Reds a little bit I get this cool black and white image I save my image I come back a week a month a year later and I can always shut that adjustment layer off or I can do stuff like reduce the opacity of that adjustment layer if I just want to mute all the colors and tones in this image I can apply a layer blending mode I can do something like overlay and it gives me this crazy you know look look at what it does for the contrast it boosts the living daylights out of the contrast and I say hey that's too much contrast I could just reduce the layer opacity so using a black and white adjustment layer not only do i non-destructively edit the image but it doesn't even necessarily have to be a black and white image I can use a black and white adjustment layer to give me this additional boost in contrast and punch for my image and then really dial it in by using the opacity slider so that's the beauty of your adjustment layers you can apply multiple adjustment layers you get throw a gradient map on this and it gives us this crazy color effect you could use color balance and use saturation and everything under the moon as long as the cow doesn't jump over the moon just a really really bad joke but you can apply these adjustment layers you can stack them all up and they're all non-destructive and that's so super important and so useful and so great when you come back to the image later and you decide you know what this effect is positively over-the-top we want to get rid of the gradient map there we go you know what we don't even like the contrast just the Delete key and you delete the adjustment layer just like that so I'd have to say the common mistake with adjustment layers is not using adjustment layers it's going to image just mints command panel there and just saying hey I need levels or I need curves and throwing it on your image and applying it as a permanent destructive effect instead of just simply using the adjustment layer which does exactly what it does but applies it in a non-destructive way and allows you to do so much more we don't even touch everything that adjustment layers can do we're going to do that right now because we're going to talk about masking and masking for adjustment layers and a ton of other things is so super important and so incredible so let's go over here to let's go to this photo here of the kids studying again and let's say we want to you know what actually let's go to the boat in Clearwater let's do this let's say we want to change the color of this image so I'm going to go hue saturation adjustment layer and I'm going to boost the saturation a lot and I'm going to make I'm gonna make it very blue so the key thing here is we just want this boat to be this deep blue we don't want our sky to look so crazy we don't want the water to look so crazy we want to change the blue from this very light blue on the boat to a much more you know darker type blue so here's the long and short of how masking works when you have a mask applied to something like this an adjustment layer or even a just a layer with a graphic or a photo on it when the mask is solid white it is showing everything this entire hue/saturation effect is showing if I fill the mask with blacks at my foreground holder black and fill the mask with black using alt backspace option delete on the Mac you're going to see it's going to take us back to our original image if I shut off the hue/saturation adjustment layer and turn it back on there's absolutely no difference because a mask filled with black is hiding everything on that layer if we fill the mask with like a very dark gray so let's set our foreground color to something like this very dark gray and then we fill our mask with that it's going to show through some of the hue/saturation adjustment layer so think of it on a scale of pure white shows through the the hue/saturation adjustment layer at like a hundred percent opacity full black shows it at zero percent opacity every ascending a shade of gray light gray might be like ten percent you know and then gets a little darker and a 20 percent Oh pat light gray would be like 90% opacity and by the time you get to like a very dark gray might only be like 10% opacity is showing through so depending on how much you want to show or hide in effect you can fill it with you know a very dark gray or a very light gray that's not a very practical way of working with masks so because typically you're brushing or you know creating a selection and filling that area so let's let's talk about that a little bit more by the way I'll just shut off you saturation there's before and there's after you can see it is starting to make a change to our image because it's not full black let's fill this up let's fill this mask with full black though we're going to hide the entire bit and here of the original layer I'm just going to load here I've got a very very rough selection of the original boat in fact I'm going to take my lasso tool and just get rid of all the junk out here that is selecting I was holding on my alt or option key and just dragging out a very wide swath over any little marching ants that I see it's a very very rough selection it's not even close to being perfect but this is just to kind of show you guys how this works go back to the hue/saturation adjustment layer make sure you select the layer mask and we would simply fill our selection with white so we're going to set our foreground color to white by hitting those little side-to-side arrows alt backspace option delete we fill it with white command or ctrl D to deselect and you can see if we hold down alt and click on a mask by the way you show the alpha channel of the mask it's just like showing the black and whites you can see exactly what's black what's white you can see we got a little bit of gray here in the middle of our mask and then hold down alt or option click the mask again to get back to your image you can see that only the areas of the mask that are white that's the only part of the hue/saturation adjustment layer that's sort of shining through you can see there's before there's after so we're constraining our hue/saturation adjustment layer only to that area only to the boat now the beautiful thing about masks is not only can you go and edit them anytime you want but it won't bet actually that is the beautiful thing about masks is the fact you can go and edit them anytime you want what am I saying when you use the eraser tool well number one you can't erase any part of an adjustment layer so it will be relatively useless in terms of reining in or controlling an adjustment layer but when you erase something a piece of artwork it's gone when you mask it when you paint black over that part of the artwork or whatever it is you're painting over with the mask to bring it back just paint white over it and you uncover it again so masking is the quintessential powerful constraining tool in Photoshop it's very much like the selection tool but it is most powerful when it's paired with a selection tool as you saw I had made a selection of the boat using a different selection tool in Photoshop we're not going to get into sadly in this tutorial it's called color range if you want to look it up but pairing a good selection tool with masking you can achieve amazing results in Photoshop masking don't underestimate masking when you start using masking you're going to love it it's so powerful it's so useful I can't say enough great things about masking now the common mistake that you're going to see with masking let's get back to this is when you go to work on your mask let's say I grab my brush tool and I want to paint with white I'm going to right click I'm gonna make it a very soft edge brush I want to paint with white I want to show it maybe change the color of some of these darker patches of water roughly and if you have the layer selected you're gonna it's going to try to paint on the layer you need to make sure when you begin working with your mask you actually click on the mask itself and now we can paint with white you can see I can paint over this darker blue area of water and now the mask is also affecting that part of our image so again use masking use masking generously it's an amazing feature in Photoshop you're absolutely going to love it the more you use it the more you're going to fall in love with it and you're going to realize just how powerful masking really is oh and I should mention you can both delete a mask and temporarily disable a mask so you can simply drag a mask down to the garbage and Photoshop scan say hey would you like to delete the layer mask I would say delete if you want to get rid of it or no if you don't want to get rid of it and you can disable it to see what the mask is doing but just holding on the shift key and clicking on that mask so I'm holding down shift click it you see it's the red X and it shows our image as if there was no mask on our hue/saturation adjustment layer hold down shift and click it again to bring the mask back voila there we have our image with a masked adjustment layer so now let's talk about filters in Photoshop I'm actually not a huge fan of filters but there are some super useful photos photos filters that can be used in Photoshop here we've got this beautiful photo of Istanbul and we're going to talk about filters so filters can be found here under the filters menu as you may well imagine and I just want to cover a couple important things very important anytime you can your want to convert for Smart Filters converting for Smart Filters is basically going to convert your layer into a smart object hit okay so you're going to see a little icon will appear and you now have a smart object now smart objects you want to learn about these things they're pretty important in Photoshop we're not going to cover smart objects in depth here very powerful very important feature in Photoshop I feel like I'm saying that a lot today but it's true there are a lot of really important features in Photoshop smart objects in particular are really really useful and can do a lot of really amazing things for you but in terms of filters check this out so let's say this photo of Istanbul we want to go ahead and go blur Gaussian blur which is one of the more used features in Photoshop and we say let's blur this by like 75 pixels hit OK and then we realize shoot you know what that's way too much I can't even tell what this is anymore well because it's a smart filter you can click the little fly down menu or pop out menu whatever you want to call it you can double click on Gaussian blur and you can reduce the amount of blur hit OK and you can go back in and reduce the amount of blur whenever you like also note there is a mask and this works just like any mask for the filter so if I fill the mask with black here right the whole blurring filter goes away if I set my foreground color to white and I paint like over this part of the city you're going to see just that part of the city and maybe the foreground here if I want to create sort of a fake those are like a fake tilt-shift effect for the bridge you can see we blur everything but this little part of the bridge it looks pretty pretty terrible admittedly but you know the point is you have the ability to go in and even mask your filters when you use smart filters not only can you you know you can grab the Gaussian blur if you decide you don't like it drag it to the garbage and it's gone smart filters always convert for Smart Filters before you start playing with filters now the common mistake I see when folks are using filters is using most of the filters quite frankly up here in the filter gallery they're just really bad now there are some usages for them but most of them are pretty awful they can be cool to go in and play around and look at but honestly the practical use for a lot of these is very limited I know some artists use them maybe some abstract artists there are different special effects that things like plastic wrap sponge some of texturising features will allow you and help you with but for the most part most of the time I see a lot of these filters being used it's just really bad and they're not really it's not I don't know it's not the greatest way to go about creating artwork in Photoshop the filter gallery and overuse to the filter gallery would be what I would say the common mistake is when it comes to using filters in Photoshop now staying here with this photo of Istanbul let's talk about transforming photos or objects let's just duplicate the photo of Istanbul let me hit commander control j we've duplicated a smart object great I'm going to apply an adjustment layer I'm going to rasterize this I'm actually going to break a couple rules here I'm going to right click and I'm going to choose rasterize layer' that sort of unsmoked defies it a little bit let's instead try a gradient map and with the gradient map what we're going to do is we're going to choose a black to white gradient hit okay and we've got kind of a cool moody black-and-white image now obviously if I resize this layer or even if I move this layer because this adjustment layer this is using an adjustment layers just like pouring paint down your layers panel so this adjustment layer is going to affect not only my new layer but also the layer beneath I don't want that to happen I want this adjustment layer only to target this top layer so I'm going to hold down my alt or option key hover between the two layers until I see that little icon appear click once and it's going to do what's called clipping it's going to clip the adjustment layer to this layer that means the adjustment layer will only target and affect this top layer you can see here if I move this layer the photo underneath still completely unscathed very much not black and white all right so now we've basically set our image to begin playing with free transform that took a couple minutes but hey we picked up maybe a couple new little tips and tricks along the way free transform you select the layer we don't need to select the adjustment layer go edit transform or just straight free transform note the hot key command or ctrl T it's an important one free transform you get these handles that appear around your image now this allows you to grab any corner of that layer and resize it now obviously this can be super useful you can resize and drag it anywhere you want I'm going to undo that in fact because I have moved it around now and I've lost my original perspective I can look up here to width and height and see okay 83 8% by 57% how do I get my original aspect ratio well we're going to go 100% width 100% height hey we're back to normal great that's a good way just when you're when you haven't committed your changes and you hit the check icon to commit changes now if you hold down your Shift key you resize but constrain the proportions of your original image so like here we go and again we're using smart guides here and you can see let's drop it there we're automatically there we go we're in the perfect center of our colored photo of Istanbul in the background so we've now brought it to the middle we've resized it now we can resize and scale it to the center or not really to the center but to this little target point by holding down the alt or option key I'm gonna hold down alt or option + shift in fact so I can scale down toward that point and maintain my original aspect ratio there we go we have our image just like that now you can also rotate any image by just moving outside of your transform box you get sort of that rotating arrow you can rotate if you hold down the shift key you can rotate 15 degrees at a time you can see there's a perfect 45 degree angle it's perfectly 90 degrees and so on and so forth that can be useful when you need to exactly rotate something you can always right click and you can choose any of the other transform options scale rotate skew so skew you can see is going to give us kind of this effect hey what's going on all right I'm going to undo the skew in fact I'm going to hit the cancel button to not commit any of those changes I'm going to hit command or ctrl T to enter into free transform once more hold down shift and alt scale my image down you can right-click you can choose perspective right and perspective allows you to sort of whoa lay the image flat like that you can pull this part out right then you could right click and choose scale and push the bottom up a little bit may pull this just a little bit closer and you sort of get this perspective effect which is kind of neat you can rotate straight up 180 degrees or 90 degrees counter or just regular old clockwise you can also flip horizontal or vertical so I'm going to show you what we're going to use that for in a second I'm going to not commit those changes once more commander control T let's just size this down all right commit that change let's maybe blur Istanbul a little bit for the background image so again this is a smart filter non-destructive blur Gaussian blur go with I don't know eight or ten pixels or eight pixels is cool and then we're going to free transform a background layer commander control T it's going to say look smart filters apply they're going to be turned off temporarily okay that's fine we know they're coming back right click on this and choose to flip horizontal so we're flipping the photo of Istanbul around in the background commit that change you're going to see it's going to blur it again so now we kind of have this neat border or so around our black and white photo of Istanbul now once more if we enter into free transform I'm working on the black and white image you can see this now registers as the new 100 pixel width and height of the image we can scale this up let's say it needs to be 75 percent of the size you can actually make it a perfect 75 percent of the size you see that's pretty cool let's commit that change in fact let's make it a little bit smaller I kind of like that now one of the common mistakes I would say is we're going to enter back into free transform what do you know not taking advantage of repositioning this center point so the center point is in the center by default but you can use the little toggle switch up here to maybe push it all the way to the right hand side and in the center see now it's over there why is this important well if you want to like flip the image and let me show you the kind of effect you can create with this let's just go ahead and commit this change let's duplicate this black and white layer commander control J alright now go command or control T again let's choose to set the the center point or the anchor reference point to the middle right hand side and then right click and choose flip horizontal the image is going to flip based upon that anchor point so it's going to flip the image out to that side and sort of almost join the images together and create this kind of wacky effect now the reason that this image or the background image is no longer black and white is because the gradient map is only clipping itself to our flipped image so I'm going to undo all of this that was just to give you an example of what that center point can do so don't neglect the center reference point there's so much you can do with it as far as you know zooming in and out based on like a top left corner or something like that there's really a lot you can do with it it can be super useful especially as you advance in Photoshop but maybe you start working with images where perspective becomes important you can set like that reference point on your horizon on your vanishing point and you can scale to and from this vanishing point and really it just becomes a really really useful thing to have so don't forget to tweak and adjust that Center reference point when you're using free transform free transform is it's really useful something are going to use a lot and it's kind of even a deep tool which is why I've spent a few minutes you're talking about it so don't sleep on free transform it's a helpful one so let's jump over here to the boat image I've deleted the hue/saturation adjustment layer let's talk about cropping specifically the crop tool so I'm going to change the crop tool to just original ratio and we have you can see here these little handles that appeared we can grab these handles and drag them in any which way and we can crop our image now you drag the image beneath the crop and you can kind of reposition and recompose your shot if you will maybe set the image like that we can check it and there we go we've recrop tower image I'm going to undo that cropping is literally that fast and easy a couple cool things about the crop tool are you can set a specific ratio note I just went to original ratio and what happened was Photoshop is going to force me to stick to the original ratio of this image you can see I can't I can't push straight up from the bottom if I do that it's going to pull the sides in as well because it's going to force me to stick with that original ratio now if I just clear hit the Clear button now I can just drag a free-form crop wherever I like and crop the image however however I so desire and you know let's say I you know drag this out we want to place it kind of like that hit the check I kind of commit to change great now one of the cool things about the crop tool is you can choose to delete the cropped pixels or not this is why the the crop tool can really be a non-destructive cropping tool because all those original pixels are still saved they just won't be you know exported remember before we're talking about file types and exporting a JPEG or PNG or whatever it is when we export this JPEG we're just going to see this bit here that we've cropped but in the PSD we still have all those other pixels so if we click once with the crop tool the crop tool is going to load up and we're going to see all of the rest of that image so if we decide you know what we actually need to include more of the foreground we can do that and hit the check icon and voila we have adjusted the crop and we have our new image another great thing about the crop tool is let's say we have the image like this let's commit the crop and obviously the horizon line is very crooked because we made it crooked you can choose the straighten ruler and draw a line across something in the image that should be straight and it's going to load up your crop tool and automatically straighten the image and then you can go ahead and commit your change and you straighten the image and crop the image all at once now you can choose a specific width and height as well this is an effective way to resize your image while cropping let's say I want to use this image as like a thumbnail for a YouTube video I can set it to 1920 by 1080 pixels I can hover over whatever I want to crop commit the change and it's going to both crop and resize my image in fact if I go image image size which is another way to resize images by the way punch in manually the pixels you want you can see in fact it is an image now 1920 by 1080 I'm going to undo that one of the common mistakes I'll see with cropping is people simply taking the rectangular marquee tool hovering or drawing a selection over what you want a crop and going image crop it's a very bad way to crop it's a very destructive way to crop because all those pixels are gone they're out of there you can't get them back you save this image you close the file up they're gone you would have to drag in the image and restart if you've done a bunch of retouching or color changes or whatever it may be to this photo or is using the crop tool if you don't delete the pixels you can save it you can come back again days weeks months whatever later and you can wreak rhop recompose readjust and everything is there much like you would have in an application like Lightroom non-destructive cropping is a must all right so all throughout this tutorial you see me undoing stuff and undoing is a huge part of Photoshop that whole command Z ctrl Z it's a hotkey you're going to get familiar with now the problem or the quirky thing I should say about Photoshop is undo only really steps you back one step let me explain here let's take the brush tool and let's take kind of an obscene color maybe I'll just a big orange brush and paint one let's make it a hard edge brush hard edge brush paint one to three dots right if we hit command or control Z it takes away the last out we paint it if we hit command or control Z again it replaces that dot what's happening well here's what's happening when you go edit undo brush tool and you go back command Z automatically turns into this redo brush tool command so that's why command Z undoes the brush but then it also redoes the brush so command Z is good for stepping back once but then you need to use the hotkey command option Z or ctrl alt Z what that does is it steps backward and the reason it's called stepping backward is because you're over here in the history panel and you're stepping back a history state so I go back to brush tool here you can see there's that brush tool if I step back once we only have one brush tool I step back again and we have no brush tool or no brush dabs on our on our Photoshop document so when you're working with the histories date and undoing in Photoshop the command or control Z is a vital hotkey but you need to remember the command option Z or ctrl alt Z if you're on PC so you can continue stepping backward in your history panel and undo multiple things in a row now a common mistake with the history panel or just undoing in general and this may seem kind of stupid but it's a lifesaver is up here under the Preferences again and let's go down here to performance is you want to change your history States from the default of I don't know what is it 10 or 12 or 25 I don't even remember crank this up you know 50 100 something like that that way you can undo many many many many times and really take advantage of the the whole history panel and the idea of undoing in Photoshop you'll be surprised even with 50 history states how quickly you know using the brush tool you know 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 how quickly 50 adds up so if your computer can handle it crank that thing way up so change and edit the number of history states you have in Photoshop preferences performance you won't regret it as long as you have a decent amount of RAM in your computer all right so next up let's talk about saving exporting and a few different file types and let's get through this quickly because this is the last this is the 15th thing and this tutorial look at it it's taken long enough right so what we have here I just applied a couple adjustment layers made a couple changes to this photo maybe added a little mid-tone punch to a little richness a little contrast all that let's talk about saving as a PSD so you can save as a PSD by going file save as and from the format here Photoshop is a dot PSD and we save it as a dot PSD we can open it back up Photoshop will have all of our layers intact and we can do with it as we wish now if you want to choose a different format you can come into here and just choose JPEG or PNG or you know whatever you want from from this a tiff file there's a bunch of different large document format there's a lot of different file types in here that you can choose typically I'm going photoshop or JPEG now the JPEG that you save out is not it's not a very optimized JPEG and that's putting it kindly so if we want to save this out for the web not only would we want to resize the photo or the the PSD or the image or whatever but we would save it out a little bit differently let's explore that right now so we could save this JPEG if we're just using it for a project where file size doesn't matter right now go ahead and save the highest quality JPEG you possibly can but if we're saving it for the web and sharing on the web we want to do it a little bit differently so we go file export and choose export as the export as dialog box is going to appear and it's going to say look here's your image great we got you know sizing options that has to do with some web graphic stuff and Retina display as you can you know 2 X + 3 X + 1.5 X or whatever you want your image you can choose the format you want to save it in and when you're saving for the web typically you got your SVG graphics your PNG graphics your JPEGs and your jiff files gif files jiff files whatever we want to call it I'm going to roll with JPEG since this is a photo for the most part you're not going to go with PNG when you've got a large photo like this we're going to go JPEG you can adjust the image size right here now this is important because a moment ago I said change the size of your PSD will remember your PSD is your working file so if you don't want to change the size of your PSD and you just want to change the size of the file on export you can do that so you can say alright I really only need this file to be 1,900 pixels wide so it's going to scale you can see 45.7 1% you can even choose the way it's sampling out of Photoshop to get the highest quality what that's basically choosing the algorithm that Photoshop is going to use the size up or down depending on the options you punch in and the more you become acquainted with Photoshop the more you're going to realize certain algorithms work better for resizing or for building up what's a call to enhancing not enhancing enlarging that's a word I'm looking for enlarging a photo so certain algorithms are better for enlarging certain algorithms are better for downsizing bicubic automatic is a good one to go with Photoshop will kind of automatically choose what it thinks is best you can choose to embed metadata blah blah blah really we're not getting into that here colorspace the same thing don't worry about that so once you do that you can choose export all and Photoshop is going to say hey where would you like to save it I'm just going to say right here and this folder is a Photoshop cafe and we're gonna say - I I for like version 2 choose export and voila it's going to be well Photoshop is going to open up the folder for us here as we see and here's woman in cafe - - and there's the original image so you can very quickly save out a JPEG now let's talk about something else real quick I'm going to just minimize that let's let's go to let's go to the boat image again actually and I'm just going to resize this image I'm gonna make it pretty small 2000 pixels wide hit OK now sometimes when you're exporting web graphics especially you want a transparent background I'm going to unlock my background layer here and I'm gonna I'm going to break some rules here I'm just gonna use the eraser tool and we're just gonna put a big old circle wah blam right there in the middle maybe that's a little bit too big a big circle right there in the middle how do I export and maintain transparency with a graphic well you need to export as a PNG the Jif can also handle transparency but PNG is like the high quality photo quality graphic it's a bit bigger in the final size Department but let's check it out so we go file export export as and you can see here if I export this as a JPEG my whole just gets filled with you know the color white I won't slip there and so it's I'm really bad let's go JPEG or let's go PNG I'm sorry and you can see we can tick on transparency we shut it off and of course it's it's white but you want to take it on so you can preserve transparency now there is an option here for a smaller 8-bit PNG file the 8-bit PNG files tend to be pretty bad in terms of the quality of the image that's exported um you probably want to stick with the 24-bit PNG which is like your default PNG files gonna be a little bit larger but it's going to be worth it because the quality is can be so much better and then same thing you just go export all choose where you want to save it you're going to save a dot PNG so you can export out a plethora of file types via export as or just saving as and to a file that you want to save outta Photoshop and oh by the way the common mistake here is choosing a PNG 8 to save file size and not realizing the damage that it will wreak or the havoc it will wreak on your beautiful photo especially if it's a photo that you're exporting with really a photo or anything with gradients I should say that you're exporting that has transparency you really want to stick with the default PNG the PNG 24 as it used to be known in the old save for web dialog box in Photoshop so that's really it's that's saving exporting and talking about file types in Photoshop and how to get your stuff from PSD to where you can save it on the web and that's really all of that stuff 15 concepts that I really tried to dive into that I really wanted to share a few minutes on some of them five six seven minutes per item in Photoshop this is a long tutorial but consider this a full-course a zero to hero jump into Photoshop two hours ago or longer you knew far less about Photoshop and now you have a better grasp of the program if you have questions please leave a comment below I'll do my best to go in and answer questions where I can hopefully people in the comments will be kind enough to give you some support and help you with your problem in Photoshop make sure you smash the like button for this video also share this video if you a friend share it on facebook share with friends so you think I could use some Photoshop help or just on social media in general it all helps this video go up and go on up as what I like so for 15 incredible concepts and features and tool sets in Photoshop that are going to help you and be a beginners guide they're going to take you up up up up up that's it get it got it good
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elps me create more content like this I would love it if you would check it out and of course pick up a copy if you feel so inclined let's get started with this video alright so the first thing in Photoshop is the Photoshop UI so the UI is the user interface it's everything that you see here and this is fairly straightforward I mean you've got your tools over here to one side you've got all these different panels here you've got a bunch of different menus up here you can click and open things and work with different things and all that great stuff but let's talk about panels so reorganizing panels is fairly simple you simply click and drag any tab you pull it it breaks it away from the other group of panels and there you go I can click and drag when the whole thing hi lights blue I can drop it and it's going to click itself back in with the rest of the panel's at any time double-click a tab and it collapses that panel see double-click to open a little tab up if one panel is obscenely huge whoops let's uh let's move that back into where it goes if one panels have seen the huge of course double click collapse it lets open layers back up youAdobe Photoshop From Zero to Pro free course 2020
can always do things like it click any one of these icons to pop out like a there's the actions panel great you can drag it right out of there you can have the actions panel out here now I can just you know float the actions over here if I don't want actions open hit the little X and close it and then if I want actions again go window actions and we have actions open back up now let's say we've played around with the UI we love the way it is it's perfect for us it's time to save the user interface click this little drop down menu and choose new workspace name it whatever you want this is it whatever this is T this is it there we go and you can not only save the actual layout of the workspace but you can also save any keyboard shortcuts you've set any hotkeys if you will you can adjust the menus in Photoshop you can save that and also you can actually get rid of tools on the toolbar you can save that as well so you would hit save and then it appear just like my little vid workspace it would appear as a new workspace you can use now when you're working with your workspace if you make a big mess of it and you know crap is all over the place and you know there we go you realize but that's the end of the day time to reset and clean everything up just go and choose reset workspace name and it's going to bring everything back to where it belongs now one of the other great things about the UI is virtually every panel right like here's the layers panel they have these little flyout menus attached to them you click it you get all kinds of cool little features that have to do with the dialog box you get the options for that dialog box and options always contain neat stuff that you can customize and change like the thumbnail size or how they like the contents that the thumbnail shows and some other neat things that can be useful for Photoshop later on down the road I'm going to drag this guy right back into there and place them in there oh by the way if I have this out and I want to just make like a new box over here so I want channels to stay there I don't want layers to sit next to channels I can click and drag and hover between two boxes see that's solid blue line let go layers is now sort of its own little module if you will just floating in place but I want it to sit next to channels so there we have it now as we go all through all these features and concepts in Photoshop I want to talk about some common mistakes that I see so I'm going to try to hit like one common mistake per 15 things now the common mistake that I see with the UI is people ignoring the preferences Photoshop preferences interface now in on the PC this will be edit Photoshop interface edit preferences interface oh yeah there we go but anyway get to the Preferences dialog box under interface you can customize the entire color theme of Photoshop now I prefer working in a very dark UI so I go with like the darkest or the second darkest you can change all kinds of things down here that can be cool hit OK you can also right click on your artboard out here or you're working cannabis whatever you want to call it and choose like different colors black light gray you can even go custom and you know but you can set the custom color ratings that custom color do a yellow play a prank on your buddy and he'll think photo shops broken but then of course you can right click and go right back to dark gray and everything is fine and well with the world again so that's the Photoshop UI now let's move on to file handling and like the concept of the PSD so a PSD is generally the file you're going to be working with in Photoshop it allows you to have things like multiple layers and save those multiple layers the PSD is not like your JPEG or PNG web graphic or gif animation file it's not any of that it's a it's a working file that you're going to use when you're working in Photoshop and then you export a jpg out from that P that PSD the PSD you would not display on your website because you know like Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox then we're going to be able to display it plus it's a massive file you also couldn't upload something like Facebook or reddit or wherever you hang out and make your playground on the web so you need to export your PNG or your your gift your gif your whatever or your JPEG from that PSD but the PSD is the high quality creme de la creme best of the best file with all of your layers it's your working file so it doesn't go out to the web but a copy of it goes out to the web in the form of an optimized JPEG or PNG or something like that so now that we understand the concept of the PSD and kind of where it lives let's talk about creating a new document in Photoshop file new now here's the important the hotkey command or control and you're going to use it all the time command and on the Mac control and on the PC set a width set a height set a resolution 72 is a good one for screen 300 is a good one if you know it's probably going to be printed of course color mode RGB CMYK or la B slash grayscale whatever you're doing if you're working with any of those color spaces you can also choose a bit depth again 8-bit is probably fine don't overthink it just go with a size a resolution a 300 pixel per inch resolution image can be used on the web so you're not going to like mess everything up if you don't choose the right resolution again don't overthink it just start making stuff so one of the other things we can do is drag files into Photoshop now you can literally drag files from your your file browser like this and drop them right into the open file in Photoshop I'm going to hit the leaks I don't want to do that you can also go file place embedded place link is a little bit different the way it works a little more complicated quite frankly a little bit more powerful but we're not going to get into all that in this tutorial so place embedded and you choose the same thing you choose the image you want to import and it's going to place it right in that file now if you want to drag a photo into Photoshop and like this let's let's call this the common mistake for dealing with files in Photoshop if I want to drag a file into Photoshop but not have it drop into my open image on the Mac I grab the image and I drop it on the Photoshop icon it's going to open it as an image the sandwich is already open so it takes me to the open version of that image on my screen or on the PC what you would do is you would let me get back to the finder you would drag your image into Photoshop and drop it up here onto this top bar so you do that and the PC will open it as as a fresh clean image in Photoshop so now let's move on to viewing your documents so you can see I've got a bunch of different files open in Photoshop here ok do it the Hat this little app PSD woman in cafe yadda yadda yadda we can quickly navigate through our tabbed files by hitting ctrl tab and that's control tab for the Mac or for the PC control shift tab navigates backward through our list here if you don't like the tab navigation you can go window arrange and choose to float all in Windows this will take all of our files and float them in windows like that I don't necessarily like that so I'm going to go arrange consolidate all to tabs and it can consolidate everything to tab not necessarily in the order I had the moment ago but hey it does the job nonetheless now if you want to drag a graphic or an image from one document to another let's say we want to drag this entire image and drop it into the photo of that woman in the cafe right over here well what we can do is simply grab our move tool click and drag the image we're holding and I'm holding above woman in cafe and then I simply let go and now that whole image is over here in woman in cafe I'm going to hit my delete key I don't necessarily want that image over here but I just want to show you how that's done let's zoom in on this image here let's say we're in here and we're retouching her skin or maybe cleaning up some spots up here and we need to quickly navigate down to a different part of her body this is kind of the common mistake that I see when people when when especially beginners are working in Photoshop you use the sidebars we really don't want to use the sidebars they're thin they're difficult to get a handle on and it's just really slow if we're working on this part of her face and we need to get down to like what she's drinking any tool it doesn't matter what tool you have selected in Photoshop any tool you have selected if you hold down the spacebar key your cursor temporarily turns into a hand icon and you can quickly scrub through your image to the part that you want to be like Oh spacebar and you're back to using whatever tool you were using so if it's a brush tool and you're for some reason painting black that's like oh we got to get up to our face there's not enough you know blackness on her forehead she looks like she doesn't look like she's been working in the coal mine and we know well you know how I feel about that so we got to put some get some soot and dust on her forehead and maybe some down here on her hands and so on and so forth you get the point though when you're painting or healing right maybe see we need want to retouch away this freckle or whatever beauty mark and we can quickly navigate around our image using just hold down the spacebar key doesn't matter what tool you're selecting it temporarily switches to the hand tool which allows you to just pull and drag and view any part of the open image so let's talk about layers in Photoshop layers the easiest way to explain them if I get my microphone straight here is like a big sandwich you got your bread you've got a protein you've got like a condiment mayo mustard whatever maybe some vegetables some cheese some tomato some some a little this a little that a little you know what I mean but a pink boom and you got a sandwich layer layer layer layer layer that's exactly how a PSD works so let's check it out in practice here so we're going to stick here with this woman in the cafe image and over in your layers panel you can hit the new layer icon it's going to create a new layer on this new layer we can I just have the brush tool here we can paint whatever we like just a you know a bunch of squigglies here and if we realize we don't want them well they're not actually locked into our image they're up on their own layer we can shut that layer off by clicking a little icon we can turn the layer back on by clicking the icon we can duplicate the layer by using the hotkey command or ctrl J or simply by clicking and dragging the layer and dropping it on the new layer icon delete a layer by just selecting and hitting the delete or backspace key or you of course you can just drag the layer down to the garbage can one of the things you can do with layers is you can reduce the layer opacity so you click this little drop down use this slider and you can see the the contents of the layer becomes see-through depending on how opaque or transparent you wish them to be we also have these things called layer styles layer styles are pretty cool because they allow you to blend the artwork on your layer with the underlying layers in a variety of different ways so you can use them to intensify contrast you can use them to brighten or darken or kind of anything in between change color all kinds of stuff like that so let's just uh let's delete this layer let's create a new layer here I'll show you what I mean I'm going to drag this down to the garbage can let's create a new layer and from the swatches panel I'm gonna select like I don't know a hot pink as my color so hot pink is now my foreground color so I'm painting with hot pink I'm gonna paint just a line straight down from from her hair down to her her blouse or shirt here I'm going to use the hot key multiply or the hot key the blend mode multiply now multiply and all of these blend modes here tend to darken the image they all work with the the currently selected layer they blend it with the layers beneath in a darkening um in a darkening way I guess is the best way to put it whereas these the group of screen and lighten they kind of brighten things you can see how it's blending it but now it's you know brightening everything up everything here with overlay and soft light down to hard mix these all primarily will affect the contrast of your layers so they kind of really add some Vava voom if you will now it really kind of blows your skin out makes look you know not all that great soft light is like a light and not so intense version of overlay a difference in exclusion subtract divide and the hue/saturation color we're not going to get into them right now I would recommend you play with all of these blend modes become familiar with them you're going to use them more probably than any of the other blend modes especially if you're doing web graphic work or retouching things like that you're going to use blend modes quite often a digital artwork as well I should add you can also apply what are called layer styles to any layer by going layer layer style and let's just go blending options this is going to open our layer style dialog box you can apply stuff like a bevel and emboss it gives us this really not so flattering looking bit of artwork but you know if you've never used it before and click on bevel emboss by the way to get to all of the settings and options you can change you never used it before yeah it looks pretty impressive you can tick on tick off preview to see what you're getting I'm going to shut off bevel and emboss you can also go with like a drop shadow and apply a drop shadow beneath this change the angle the drop shadow change the distance of the drop shadow maybe make job shadow more blurry by adjusting the size so all kinds of things like that change the color of the drop shadow again you have a blend mode here an opacity slider so you can really affect how the drop shadow blends with the image over which it is placed I'm going to shut that off though I would urge you to come into the layer styles and play around with them we're going to touch on layer styles again in just a moment but before we do you can also group multiple layers together like we saw over in the PSD so let's just duplicate this layer drag it down to the new layer icon I'm going to pull it down over here we can select both layers hold down the shift key and just click and select one layer and select the other command or control G groups them now we have a layer group we can name it lines or whatever we want you can apply a blend mode to an entire layer group or you can reduce the opacity of an entire layer group so layer groups can be really useful they just help you keep things organized you can always right click and choose ungroup layers it's going to delete the group but not the layers within it so that can be helpful I'm going to delete this layer that we just created now the common mistake that I see with layers and particularly really layer styles I'm going to double click here out in this open area of my layer by the way you can double click the layer name to change the layer to change the layer name or to rename it if you double click over in this open area it's going to open your layer style dialog box using bevel and emboss is very over done by people who are somewhat new to photoshop and I don't mean to like shovel this in your face and say that you're terrible at Photoshop maybe a little bit but you know hey we we all suck at one point don't worry even the greats and I'm not a great but even the greats were awful at one point so don't be discouraged but one of the things that a lot of newer Photoshop users tend to do is slap bevel and emboss on a lot of stuff slap drop shadows on a lot of stuff because it's impressive and it's powerful and it feels good to do it because it's new to you so what I would recommend is go and play with Photoshop get past that a little bit before you start trying to apply it to client work it's just a bad look it really doesn't look professional anymore I actually don't know if it ever did look professional but it really doesn't look professional now but too much bevel emboss is a no-go so next let's talk about selection tools I'm just going to delete this big pink line let's use this image right here I want to talk about selection tool so part of the beautiful thing about Photoshop part of what makes it an incredibly powerful image processor and graphics creator is the ability to create selections the ability to work on a specific part of an image and not touch anything else we do that with selections by selecting something like here in this image maybe we just want to change the color of her shirt we can do that maybe we want to add a graphic to the screen of this iPad we can do that select her hair and change the color of her hair we can do that but if we just go and wholesale change the color of everything well let me just show you what happens about a pop open hue saturation hot key by the way commander controlled you we can change the color and we can give her like this blue hair but then obviously as you can see everything's messed up if we could constrain that to just her hair by for selecting her hair well hey wouldn't that be beautiful it would I mean maybe not the hair it's a little eccentric for me but hey to each to each his own the selections begin with the marquee tools let's grab the rectangular marquee tool and here's how it works you simply click and drag a selection now I've got rounded corners that's because we have feathering applied to our selection feathering just means that if you fill this with a color so if I fill it with the pink here alt backspace option delete on the Mac it's going to have kind of this fuzzy edge I I don't want that I'm going to deselect my selection by hitting command or control D by the way a very important hotkey deselect I think was the first hotkey I ever learned in Photoshop command or ctrl D you going to use it all the time it'll just become like muscle memory you won't even realize you're using it so what we're going to do is we're going to set our feather to the default which by the way is zero and this allows us to create a hard-edged selection now when you have a selection tool selected like the rectangular marquee tool you can click and drag within your selection to move that selection around here's an important distinction if we grab the move tool and we click and drag we're actually going to move the pixels that are being selected so if you need to move your selection you really want to make sure that you have your rectangular marquee tool selected it's going to save you so much frustration now what if we want to add to the selection we want to make the selection bigger we can simply hold down our Shift key and click and drag and we make our selection bigger and bigger and bigger now if we want to get rid of some of the selection hold down our alt or option key and just select a big chunk of it and voila we've gotten rid of a big you know Lunken part of our selection and we're just left this little rectangle again let's say commander ctrl D to deselect now as you're dragging on a selection maybe you haven't gotten the selection just perfect simply hold down your spacebar key and you can move the selection around and then drop it exactly where you need it to go and then you place your selection right where it needs to be without having to worry about creating a selection up it's not the right size commander ctrl D to deselect let me try to get it again I messed it up again you can just move as you're creating the selection to get the perfect selection the first time every time so one of the other things we can do with these rectangular and by the way there's an elliptical marquee tool you have these lasso tools you have this quick selection tool and the magic wand tool which is I don't really use it much but the quick selection tool can be useful for just like painting over an area like her sweater here and saying I quickly select all of that it does an okay job you usually have to go in and refine it a little bit but let's not get off course here with something like the rectangular marquee tool under the style drop-down menu you can choose a fixed size let's just go with a thousand pixels by 450 pixels click it you don't even have to click and drag you just drop it and it's automatically a thousand pixels wide by 450 pixels tall and you have your selection commander control D to deselect actually I'm going to drop a selection on here again to fill the selection you can just hold a hit alt backspace that is option delete on the Mac and it fills that and again if we use our skills that we learned before about lay simply create a new layer first fill that shape on a new layer commander ctrl D to deselect we can grab like our move tool and we've created this pink box that we can move around and it's up on its own layer we can delete it at any time we like by hitting the Delete key now the common mistake that I'll see with folks who are using the marquee tools is sometimes you have a selection active in your document like a little tiny selection which is very difficult to z2c or maybe you've accidentally hit command or control H while you have it selected to the marching ants disappear commander control H to bring those marching ants back then you grab like your brush tool and you just want to paint well nothing is appearing it it seems to me like the brush tool is broken instead of freaking out just go like select and hit deselect that way if there's anything that's selected it'll just deselect it and sometimes it can be very tricky because like if you do 50 pixels for a feather and you create a tiny little selection Photoshop is going to say look no pixels more than 50% are selected this selection edges will not be visible hit OK there is something there in fact if I take the brush tool when I paint over it we can see we're painting like a little pink area only right there because it's selected so you want to make sure that you just go ahead and go select deselect if you're painting and nothing's happening because see now when I paint it paints lines everywhere so make sure that you don't have a little hidden selection selected somewhere that you don't know about and it's preventing you from doing anything in Photoshop alright so next up is the move tool now the move tool I'm gonna go back to the PSD if I can find it there it is the move tool allows us to actually move pixels but if we select layers in the layers panel or entire layer groups in fact so here we have navbar if we just click and drag you can see we're moving this whole navigation area of the image I'm going to go up to view show and shut off these smart guys we're going to touch on that in a second and then I'm going to drag that and pop it right back up into place at the top of the document maybe move it over just a little bit so we can actually descend within this or maybe let's go let's go down here to the album's and go to the of the past and you can see if I select the of the past layer group I can drag that whole area around wherever I like or I can just select an individual layer like the of the past text so it's a text layer I can shut it off turn it on I can use my arrow keys to navigate or not navigate to nudge a graphic or a piece of text or an image or whatever I want around and if you hold down your Shift key by the way you can nudge it in larger increments so I'm cutting it up and down you can go right you can go left you can do whatever with the move tool you can click and drag and hold down the shift key and constrain to go straight up and down or go straight left or right or even like on a 45 degree angle either way depending on what you want to do I'm going to undo that stuff so the move tool can be very very useful for just generally moving things around with just about any object in Photoshop you can hold down the alt or option key click and drag and you pull a copy of that out in fact you can see it duplicated that layer for us so we have two of the past text layers I don't want that I'm just going to delete key and get rid of it now one of the other things you can do with the move tool and I think it often goes unnoticed especially initially when you first start using Photoshop is the fact that you can align with the move tool in a couple ways but let's take a look at the more obvious way let's take this of the past text and let's just move it straight to the right like that but we know it needs to be aligned to the vertical Center perfectly well here's what we do we go select select all and look up here in our control bar for the move tool we have all of these alignments icons that have lit up so we can say all right well we can align to the the Centers of the document the I guess it would be the L there you go the vertical centers we don't want that I'm going to command or control Z to undo we can go align to the vertical or the horizontal centers excuse me like that and it's going to move of the past text right into the perfect middle of our document command or ctrl D to deselect and there we have it now one of the common mistakes I see people making with the move tool is more like a personal preference thing some of you will love it some of you will absolutely hate it under view I shut them off before view show smart guides I love smart guides I think they're so so so useful they give you these sort of heads-up guides as you're moving around you can see here like I can drag this over and align it perfectly with the edge of the twenty-eighth photos right so it'll tell me like right there I'm aligned perfectly with the edge of 28 photos and now my text I know is lined up well I can line this up you know with the right side of the subscribe button whatever it is I keep kind of just messing it up but smart guides can help you so much and sort of almost automatically guide you into aligning objects and shapes and images whatever in your Photoshop document very very quickly it does all kinds of cool measuring things very very useful to have it turned on but again if it's something that you're not doing a lot of it also can get pretty annoying having all these lines appearing all these little pixel markers telling you different measurements and things so if you don't like it you can always go view like I said view show smart guides right view show smart guides and get rid of it so that's the move tool so next up we have shape tools now shape tools in Photoshop are pretty cool you might think oh this is pretty obvious they allow you to draw shapes they do a bit more than that see when you select a shape tool and by the way you've got rectangle rounded rectangle circles polygons which can also be converted to a star a line tool which can be a little confusing to use especially initially and also custom shape tool which gives you all these cool custom shapes here by the way if you don't have all these loaded in hit the little flyout menu and choose to load all be a nice little hack so I'm just going to stick with the straight rectangle rectangle tool now with these tools you can choose to create a shape a path or pixels we're not going to touch on path shape is a path based shape so technically it is creating a path but it's a filled path and an entire shape layer again if you're new to photoshop that might sound more confusing than it is just try not to obsess over the details start doing it and the more you do it you'll begin to understand how it all works let's begin with pixels though because it's pretty simple doing this you simply set your foreground color to a color let's say we want to draw a green shape let's go ahead and grab a green here let's create a new layer and we're going to drag out a green rectangle it just gives us a straight pixel rectangle on a new layer and you might think great this is exactly what I need this is amazing and it is pretty amazing and it's cool and all of that but there's nothing else you can really do with it at this point you can't if you need to adjust it you can't go and quickly adjust it to an exact pixel shape or size or anything like that quite like you can a shape layer so let's talk about the shape layers go back to the rectangle tool and choose shape layer from the drop-down menu now well first of all you can just click once and it's going to say hey what size would you like it to be so you can choose an exact size right off the bat or like you had before you can click and drag out a shape now just like the selection tools if you hold down shift it's going to constrain it to a perfect square if you hold down the Alt bow if you click and drag and then hold down the alt or option it's going to drag out from the center right now it's going to fill this with kind of like a gray from the background because I set my foreground color to gray when I sampled that background color so let's go back to our greens there we go something like that so what I'm gonna do I'm gonna click and just click once and I'm going to say all right let's make this 1200 pixels wide by 700 pixels tall hit OK and we get a nice little rectangle now that we've done that we get a properties panel that opens up well here in the properties panel we can quickly change the width or height we say oh you know what I actually wanted it to be 1400 by 880 all right we can do that we can adjust where it sits the X&Y of the document so we could say we really want it to be 500 pixels X the x axis and maybe 500 as well on the y axis so it's 500 pixels out from that top corner now we can give it a stroke if we like so we give it like a bright blue stroke of 30 points larger or smaller something like that we can change the fill very very easily we could go with a hot pink I'm going to stick with my green though we can say hey stroke we actually want you to be on the outside so we can see all of the green so it flips the stroke to the outside part of our path see the path is that little you know all those dots and the path is connecting all the dots together to make you got it a shape you can choose things like mitered edges and how the ends of the path work you can also round the corners of your rectangle so we can say you know like a 50 pixel round on the corners now if you uncheck the link you can actually make certain corners more round than others so you can make like this corner 150 and this corner like 250 and we can create kind of these funky shapes again very very quickly with the shape tool and we can always go and change the fill change the change the stroke anything you like I'm going to drag the properties panel back over here push it back into that area where it belongs you can also double click and by the way notice they automatically created a new layer it's got this little icon this icon is just telling us hey look this is a shape layer we can double click on the icon or the the layer thumbnail excuse me and it's going to open up our color picker we can change the color at this point maybe we need a deeper green something like that hit OK and there we go we have a nice green rectangle with rounded corners the shape tools are incredibly deep there is so much to them so much that can go right and so much go wrong with them I can't really dive into all of it right now this tutorial trust is going to be long enough but just know there's so much to them let's talk about the quick common mistake that you're going to see and probably run into so like I said if you hold down the shift key and you drag out a square you can get a perfect square but look what happened I dragged that out it messed up my stroke because it's too close to the the shape next to it so the strokes would overlap but it's doing that because look over here it didn't create a new shape layer it simply added to the shape layer why well because I held down the shift key before I started dragging if I start dragging and I get you know a wacky freeform rectangle and then I hold down shift and make it a square it's going to create a new shape layer so what's happening is holding down the shift key just like when we just like when we added to our rectangular marquee selection Photoshop is saying okay you don't want a perfect square you want to add to the shape layer so holding down shift adds to the shape layer instead of creating a new shape layer with a perfect square so you want to start first by clicking and dragging and then hold down the shift key and you'll create a new shape layer and avoid all kinds of frustration along the way all right now next up we have the power of the type tool let's jump in and check it out all right so the type tool it's located over here in your toolbox just the big letter T it's your type tool and it's going to place text in your document with whatever color you have selected up here on your control bar so I can select this green and say you know what I really just need like white or maybe actually if we hover out over the image we can sample this bright yellow from the front side of our this is a clownfish I think or something something like that let's drag out a text box like that and let's type this is a clownfish there we go and then we can hit the little check icon up here to commit our change now this text is has been modified a little bit because over here under my character panel and by the way if you don't have it again just go window character we've done some things to this text so we've number one we've chosen a typeface called League Spartan we've selected this little icon and this icon this is like a faux boldness you can see it just makes your text a little more bold I'm going to uncheck that we also have turned this on this makes your type all caps every little every letter will be a capital letter even if you didn't type it that way and we also gave it this is some distance between the letters so you know kerning tracking all that yes they call tracking for the selected characters so it's you know the width between your letters you can adjust the actual width of the letters you can adjust the line height a lot of things in here that you don't want to neglect and that's kind of the the common mistake that I see a lot of people they just take the text that they've been given they don't tweak it or adjust it sometimes your text needs to be a little taller maybe a little wider or something like that you can do superscripts and subscripts and all kinds of all kinds of stuff I mean just come in here and play around with this it's amazing I am going to increase the distance between my letters you can see there we go that's great but I drag this back over and place it back where it belongs now another thing you can open up the paragraph panel by going window paragraph the paragraph panel is what's going to allow you to align your text now this text will align within the box that we created so if I center align it you can see it simply takes it to the center of the box we created and I can check and commit that change and that's great now one of the other cool things what cool I guess somewhat janky things I guess is this warp text feature in Photoshop and it allows you to do some stuff with your text like you know apply an arc and just do some stuff like that I don't know I honestly I don't think I've ever used this in any kind of meaningful way but it allows you to do all kinds of different things to your type that might be fun and it remains a live type layer now if you want to go in and edit the type you can grab your text tool right and you can just click on a block of text and it's going to allow you to enter the block of text and edit it or add or subtract whatever you want from the text or you can simply double click the T in your layers panel and it's going to automatically highlight all the text in the text block that you have and allow you to go in there and retype or do it every one with it now a neat little trick with the type layers is you can quickly change the color of type let's say we want to change this to like I don't know a hot pink / red if you have the type layer selected you can use that fill hot key alt backspace or option delete and it's going to automatically fill your type with whatever your foreground color is so that's kind of neat I'm going to undo that though get me back to the yellow and as I said a second ago it's just all of this stuff in here about you know tracking and kerning and line-height sizing up your font changing the font adjusting the size of the font that I think is the common mistake that I'll see with type picking out an appropriate typeface and getting the sizing of your type correct is so imperative when it comes to graphic design and even just web design nowadays web design is a lot of flat design a lot of typography getting that stuff right in your designs makes the design go from being a to so-so right so take the time to get the text right find good font pairings and you're absolutely going to fall in love with the stuff you design all right I'm going to come over here to the muscular cows image let's talk about adjustment layers so one of the things that I harp on a lot if you watch any my other tutorials and if you haven't what are you waiting for well one of the things that I harp on is non-destructive editing now adjustment layers allow us to non destructively edit our images and graphics in a very peculiar way and in a very powerful way let's take a look and compare how to make a black and white image with a standard adjustment and with an adjustment layer so I'm going to first thing first things first duplicate my background layer so click and drag and drop it on the new layer icon and there we go we have a second layer I'm going to select the original background and we can go image adjustments and you can see we have all these amazing adjustments and they are super powerful I love them to death we got all kinds of cool things we can do here let's just choose a black and white adjustment here and say let's darken the sky maybe make the greens and the yellows and the Reds let's darken the Reds actually so we darken the Reds up a little bit there we go to make the sky really dark make the grass and the trees a little bit brighter alright hit OK once we've applied that black and white adjustment layer we've got a cool black-and-white image and it's there we can see it in our layers panel it's a black and white image and it's done we save our PSD and remember your PSD is your working file so when you save this your black-and-white image is locked in it's good to go it's there the problem is what if the client doesn't want a black-and-white image and this is your copy of the photo well you've just made it a black and white photo so you either need to go redownload your stock photo and bring it into the project you're working on it's a it's a bunch of it's much ado about not very much an adjustment layer does this allows you to change this and so much more let's check it out let's turn our copy layer on and up here in the adjustments panel you have all these different icons this one right here the black and white swatch is the black and white adjustment layer so these all correspond to all of these adjustments up here in the adjustments sections or brightness contrast levels curves yada yada yada though these are all those commands as separate layers and look at this it actually creates a new layer I can shut this layer off and I still have my color image preserved beneath it I can turn it on I can double click on the the thumbnail and it opens the properties so once again I can just go you know reduce the the brightness of the blue Channel boost the greens boost the yellows darken the Reds a little bit I get this cool black and white image I save my image I come back a week a month a year later and I can always shut that adjustment layer off or I can do stuff like reduce the opacity of that adjustment layer if I just want to mute all the colors and tones in this image I can apply a layer blending mode I can do something like overlay and it gives me this crazy you know look look at what it does for the contrast it boosts the living daylights out of the contrast and I say hey that's too much contrast I could just reduce the layer opacity so using a black and white adjustment layer not only do i non-destructively edit the image but it doesn't even necessarily have to be a black and white image I can use a black and white adjustment layer to give me this additional boost in contrast and punch for my image and then really dial it in by using the opacity slider so that's the beauty of your adjustment layers you can apply multiple adjustment layers you get throw a gradient map on this and it gives us this crazy color effect you could use color balance and use saturation and everything under the moon as long as the cow doesn't jump over the moon just a really really bad joke but you can apply these adjustment layers you can stack them all up and they're all non-destructive and that's so super important and so useful and so great when you come back to the image later and you decide you know what this effect is positively over-the-top we want to get rid of the gradient map there we go you know what we don't even like the contrast just the Delete key and you delete the adjustment layer just like that so I'd have to say the common mistake with adjustment layers is not using adjustment layers it's going to image just mints command panel there and just saying hey I need levels or I need curves and throwing it on your image and applying it as a permanent destructive effect instead of just simply using the adjustment layer which does exactly what it does but applies it in a non-destructive way and allows you to do so much more we don't even touch everything that adjustment layers can do we're going to do that right now because we're going to talk about masking and masking for adjustment layers and a ton of other things is so super important and so incredible so let's go over here to let's go to this photo here of the kids studying again and let's say we want to you know what actually let's go to the boat in Clearwater let's do this let's say we want to change the color of this image so I'm going to go hue saturation adjustment layer and I'm going to boost the saturation a lot and I'm going to make I'm gonna make it very blue so the key thing here is we just want this boat to be this deep blue we don't want our sky to look so crazy we don't want the water to look so crazy we want to change the blue from this very light blue on the boat to a much more you know darker type blue so here's the long and short of how masking works when you have a mask applied to something like this an adjustment layer or even a just a layer with a graphic or a photo on it when the mask is solid white it is showing everything this entire hue/saturation effect is showing if I fill the mask with blacks at my foreground holder black and fill the mask with black using alt backspace option delete on the Mac you're going to see it's going to take us back to our original image if I shut off the hue/saturation adjustment layer and turn it back on there's absolutely no difference because a mask filled with black is hiding everything on that layer if we fill the mask with like a very dark gray so let's set our foreground color to something like this very dark gray and then we fill our mask with that it's going to show through some of the hue/saturation adjustment layer so think of it on a scale of pure white shows through the the hue/saturation adjustment layer at like a hundred percent opacity full black shows it at zero percent opacity every ascending a shade of gray light gray might be like ten percent you know and then gets a little darker and a 20 percent Oh pat light gray would be like 90% opacity and by the time you get to like a very dark gray might only be like 10% opacity is showing through so depending on how much you want to show or hide in effect you can fill it with you know a very dark gray or a very light gray that's not a very practical way of working with masks so because typically you're brushing or you know creating a selection and filling that area so let's let's talk about that a little bit more by the way I'll just shut off you saturation there's before and there's after you can see it is starting to make a change to our image because it's not full black let's fill this up let's fill this mask with full black though we're going to hide the entire bit and here of the original layer I'm just going to load here I've got a very very rough selection of the original boat in fact I'm going to take my lasso tool and just get rid of all the junk out here that is selecting I was holding on my alt or option key and just dragging out a very wide swath over any little marching ants that I see it's a very very rough selection it's not even close to being perfect but this is just to kind of show you guys how this works go back to the hue/saturation adjustment layer make sure you select the layer mask and we would simply fill our selection with white so we're going to set our foreground color to white by hitting those little side-to-side arrows alt backspace option delete we fill it with white command or ctrl D to deselect and you can see if we hold down alt and click on a mask by the way you show the alpha channel of the mask it's just like showing the black and whites you can see exactly what's black what's white you can see we got a little bit of gray here in the middle of our mask and then hold down alt or option click the mask again to get back to your image you can see that only the areas of the mask that are white that's the only part of the hue/saturation adjustment layer that's sort of shining through you can see there's before there's after so we're constraining our hue/saturation adjustment layer only to that area only to the boat now the beautiful thing about masks is not only can you go and edit them anytime you want but it won't bet actually that is the beautiful thing about masks is the fact you can go and edit them anytime you want what am I saying when you use the eraser tool well number one you can't erase any part of an adjustment layer so it will be relatively useless in terms of reining in or controlling an adjustment layer but when you erase something a piece of artwork it's gone when you mask it when you paint black over that part of the artwork or whatever it is you're painting over with the mask to bring it back just paint white over it and you uncover it again so masking is the quintessential powerful constraining tool in Photoshop it's very much like the selection tool but it is most powerful when it's paired with a selection tool as you saw I had made a selection of the boat using a different selection tool in Photoshop we're not going to get into sadly in this tutorial it's called color range if you want to look it up but pairing a good selection tool with masking you can achieve amazing results in Photoshop masking don't underestimate masking when you start using masking you're going to love it it's so powerful it's so useful I can't say enough great things about masking now the common mistake that you're going to see with masking let's get back to this is when you go to work on your mask let's say I grab my brush tool and I want to paint with white I'm going to right click I'm gonna make it a very soft edge brush I want to paint with white I want to show it maybe change the color of some of these darker patches of water roughly and if you have the layer selected you're gonna it's going to try to paint on the layer you need to make sure when you begin working with your mask you actually click on the mask itself and now we can paint with white you can see I can paint over this darker blue area of water and now the mask is also affecting that part of our image so again use masking use masking generously it's an amazing feature in Photoshop you're absolutely going to love it the more you use it the more you're going to fall in love with it and you're going to realize just how powerful masking really is oh and I should mention you can both delete a mask and temporarily disable a mask so you can simply drag a mask down to the garbage and Photoshop scan say hey would you like to delete the layer mask I would say delete if you want to get rid of it or no if you don't want to get rid of it and you can disable it to see what the mask is doing but just holding on the shift key and clicking on that mask so I'm holding down shift click it you see it's the red X and it shows our image as if there was no mask on our hue/saturation adjustment layer hold down shift and click it again to bring the mask back voila there we have our image with a masked adjustment layer so now let's talk about filters in Photoshop I'm actually not a huge fan of filters but there are some super useful photos photos filters that can be used in Photoshop here we've got this beautiful photo of Istanbul and we're going to talk about filters so filters can be found here under the filters menu as you may well imagine and I just want to cover a couple important things very important anytime you can your want to convert for Smart Filters converting for Smart Filters is basically going to convert your layer into a smart object hit okay so you're going to see a little icon will appear and you now have a smart object now smart objects you want to learn about these things they're pretty important in Photoshop we're not going to cover smart objects in depth here very powerful very important feature in Photoshop I feel like I'm saying that a lot today but it's true there are a lot of really important features in Photoshop smart objects in particular are really really useful and can do a lot of really amazing things for you but in terms of filters check this out so let's say this photo of Istanbul we want to go ahead and go blur Gaussian blur which is one of the more used features in Photoshop and we say let's blur this by like 75 pixels hit OK and then we realize shoot you know what that's way too much I can't even tell what this is anymore well because it's a smart filter you can click the little fly down menu or pop out menu whatever you want to call it you can double click on Gaussian blur and you can reduce the amount of blur hit OK and you can go back in and reduce the amount of blur whenever you like also note there is a mask and this works just like any mask for the filter so if I fill the mask with black here right the whole blurring filter goes away if I set my foreground color to white and I paint like over this part of the city you're going to see just that part of the city and maybe the foreground here if I want to create sort of a fake those are like a fake tilt-shift effect for the bridge you can see we blur everything but this little part of the bridge it looks pretty pretty terrible admittedly but you know the point is you have the ability to go in and even mask your filters when you use smart filters not only can you you know you can grab the Gaussian blur if you decide you don't like it drag it to the garbage and it's gone smart filters always convert for Smart Filters before you start playing with filters now the common mistake I see when folks are using filters is using most of the filters quite frankly up here in the filter gallery they're just really bad now there are some usages for them but most of them are pretty awful they can be cool to go in and play around and look at but honestly the practical use for a lot of these is very limited I know some artists use them maybe some abstract artists there are different special effects that things like plastic wrap sponge some of texturising features will allow you and help you with but for the most part most of the time I see a lot of these filters being used it's just really bad and they're not really it's not I don't know it's not the greatest way to go about creating artwork in Photoshop the filter gallery and overuse to the filter gallery would be what I would say the common mistake is when it comes to using filters in Photoshop now staying here with this photo of Istanbul let's talk about transforming photos or objects let's just duplicate the photo of Istanbul let me hit commander control j we've duplicated a smart object great I'm going to apply an adjustment layer I'm going to rasterize this I'm actually going to break a couple rules here I'm going to right click and I'm going to choose rasterize layer' that sort of unsmoked defies it a little bit let's instead try a gradient map and with the gradient map what we're going to do is we're going to choose a black to white gradient hit okay and we've got kind of a cool moody black-and-white image now obviously if I resize this layer or even if I move this layer because this adjustment layer this is using an adjustment layers just like pouring paint down your layers panel so this adjustment layer is going to affect not only my new layer but also the layer beneath I don't want that to happen I want this adjustment layer only to target this top layer so I'm going to hold down my alt or option key hover between the two layers until I see that little icon appear click once and it's going to do what's called clipping it's going to clip the adjustment layer to this layer that means the adjustment layer will only target and affect this top layer you can see here if I move this layer the photo underneath still completely unscathed very much not black and white all right so now we've basically set our image to begin playing with free transform that took a couple minutes but hey we picked up maybe a couple new little tips and tricks along the way free transform you select the layer we don't need to select the adjustment layer go edit transform or just straight free transform note the hot key command or ctrl T it's an important one free transform you get these handles that appear around your image now this allows you to grab any corner of that layer and resize it now obviously this can be super useful you can resize and drag it anywhere you want I'm going to undo that in fact because I have moved it around now and I've lost my original perspective I can look up here to width and height and see okay 83 8% by 57% how do I get my original aspect ratio well we're going to go 100% width 100% height hey we're back to normal great that's a good way just when you're when you haven't committed your changes and you hit the check icon to commit changes now if you hold down your Shift key you resize but constrain the proportions of your original image so like here we go and again we're using smart guides here and you can see let's drop it there we're automatically there we go we're in the perfect center of our colored photo of Istanbul in the background so we've now brought it to the middle we've resized it now we can resize and scale it to the center or not really to the center but to this little target point by holding down the alt or option key I'm gonna hold down alt or option + shift in fact so I can scale down toward that point and maintain my original aspect ratio there we go we have our image just like that now you can also rotate any image by just moving outside of your transform box you get sort of that rotating arrow you can rotate if you hold down the shift key you can rotate 15 degrees at a time you can see there's a perfect 45 degree angle it's perfectly 90 degrees and so on and so forth that can be useful when you need to exactly rotate something you can always right click and you can choose any of the other transform options scale rotate skew so skew you can see is going to give us kind of this effect hey what's going on all right I'm going to undo the skew in fact I'm going to hit the cancel button to not commit any of those changes I'm going to hit command or ctrl T to enter into free transform once more hold down shift and alt scale my image down you can right-click you can choose perspective right and perspective allows you to sort of whoa lay the image flat like that you can pull this part out right then you could right click and choose scale and push the bottom up a little bit may pull this just a little bit closer and you sort of get this perspective effect which is kind of neat you can rotate straight up 180 degrees or 90 degrees counter or just regular old clockwise you can also flip horizontal or vertical so I'm going to show you what we're going to use that for in a second I'm going to not commit those changes once more commander control T let's just size this down all right commit that change let's maybe blur Istanbul a little bit for the background image so again this is a smart filter non-destructive blur Gaussian blur go with I don't know eight or ten pixels or eight pixels is cool and then we're going to free transform a background layer commander control T it's going to say look smart filters apply they're going to be turned off temporarily okay that's fine we know they're coming back right click on this and choose to flip horizontal so we're flipping the photo of Istanbul around in the background commit that change you're going to see it's going to blur it again so now we kind of have this neat border or so around our black and white photo of Istanbul now once more if we enter into free transform I'm working on the black and white image you can see this now registers as the new 100 pixel width and height of the image we can scale this up let's say it needs to be 75 percent of the size you can actually make it a perfect 75 percent of the size you see that's pretty cool let's commit that change in fact let's make it a little bit smaller I kind of like that now one of the common mistakes I would say is we're going to enter back into free transform what do you know not taking advantage of repositioning this center point so the center point is in the center by default but you can use the little toggle switch up here to maybe push it all the way to the right hand side and in the center see now it's over there why is this important well if you want to like flip the image and let me show you the kind of effect you can create with this let's just go ahead and commit this change let's duplicate this black and white layer commander control J alright now go command or control T again let's choose to set the the center point or the anchor reference point to the middle right hand side and then right click and choose flip horizontal the image is going to flip based upon that anchor point so it's going to flip the image out to that side and sort of almost join the images together and create this kind of wacky effect now the reason that this image or the background image is no longer black and white is because the gradient map is only clipping itself to our flipped image so I'm going to undo all of this that was just to give you an example of what that center point can do so don't neglect the center reference point there's so much you can do with it as far as you know zooming in and out based on like a top left corner or something like that there's really a lot you can do with it it can be super useful especially as you advance in Photoshop but maybe you start working with images where perspective becomes important you can set like that reference point on your horizon on your vanishing point and you can scale to and from this vanishing point and really it just becomes a really really useful thing to have so don't forget to tweak and adjust that Center reference point when you're using free transform free transform is it's really useful something are going to use a lot and it's kind of even a deep tool which is why I've spent a few minutes you're talking about it so don't sleep on free transform it's a helpful one so let's jump over here to the boat image I've deleted the hue/saturation adjustment layer let's talk about cropping specifically the crop tool so I'm going to change the crop tool to just original ratio and we have you can see here these little handles that appeared we can grab these handles and drag them in any which way and we can crop our image now you drag the image beneath the crop and you can kind of reposition and recompose your shot if you will maybe set the image like that we can check it and there we go we've recrop tower image I'm going to undo that cropping is literally that fast and easy a couple cool things about the crop tool are you can set a specific ratio note I just went to original ratio and what happened was Photoshop is going to force me to stick to the original ratio of this image you can see I can't I can't push straight up from the bottom if I do that it's going to pull the sides in as well because it's going to force me to stick with that original ratio now if I just clear hit the Clear button now I can just drag a free-form crop wherever I like and crop the image however however I so desire and you know let's say I you know drag this out we want to place it kind of like that hit the check I kind of commit to change great now one of the cool things about the crop tool is you can choose to delete the cropped pixels or not this is why the the crop tool can really be a non-destructive cropping tool because all those original pixels are still saved they just won't be you know exported remember before we're talking about file types and exporting a JPEG or PNG or whatever it is when we export this JPEG we're just going to see this bit here that we've cropped but in the PSD we still have all those other pixels so if we click once with the crop tool the crop tool is going to load up and we're going to see all of the rest of that image so if we decide you know what we actually need to include more of the foreground we can do that and hit the check icon and voila we have adjusted the crop and we have our new image another great thing about the crop tool is let's say we have the image like this let's commit the crop and obviously the horizon line is very crooked because we made it crooked you can choose the straighten ruler and draw a line across something in the image that should be straight and it's going to load up your crop tool and automatically straighten the image and then you can go ahead and commit your change and you straighten the image and crop the image all at once now you can choose a specific width and height as well this is an effective way to resize your image while cropping let's say I want to use this image as like a thumbnail for a YouTube video I can set it to 1920 by 1080 pixels I can hover over whatever I want to crop commit the change and it's going to both crop and resize my image in fact if I go image image size which is another way to resize images by the way punch in manually the pixels you want you can see in fact it is an image now 1920 by 1080 I'm going to undo that one of the common mistakes I'll see with cropping is people simply taking the rectangular marquee tool hovering or drawing a selection over what you want a crop and going image crop it's a very bad way to crop it's a very destructive way to crop because all those pixels are gone they're out of there you can't get them back you save this image you close the file up they're gone you would have to drag in the image and restart if you've done a bunch of retouching or color changes or whatever it may be to this photo or is using the crop tool if you don't delete the pixels you can save it you can come back again days weeks months whatever later and you can wreak rhop recompose readjust and everything is there much like you would have in an application like Lightroom non-destructive cropping is a must all right so all throughout this tutorial you see me undoing stuff and undoing is a huge part of Photoshop that whole command Z ctrl Z it's a hotkey you're going to get familiar with now the problem or the quirky thing I should say about Photoshop is undo only really steps you back one step let me explain here let's take the brush tool and let's take kind of an obscene color maybe I'll just a big orange brush and paint one let's make it a hard edge brush hard edge brush paint one to three dots right if we hit command or control Z it takes away the last out we paint it if we hit command or control Z again it replaces that dot what's happening well here's what's happening when you go edit undo brush tool and you go back command Z automatically turns into this redo brush tool command so that's why command Z undoes the brush but then it also redoes the brush so command Z is good for stepping back once but then you need to use the hotkey command option Z or ctrl alt Z what that does is it steps backward and the reason it's called stepping backward is because you're over here in the history panel and you're stepping back a history state so I go back to brush tool here you can see there's that brush tool if I step back once we only have one brush tool I step back again and we have no brush tool or no brush dabs on our on our Photoshop document so when you're working with the histories date and undoing in Photoshop the command or control Z is a vital hotkey but you need to remember the command option Z or ctrl alt Z if you're on PC so you can continue stepping backward in your history panel and undo multiple things in a row now a common mistake with the history panel or just undoing in general and this may seem kind of stupid but it's a lifesaver is up here under the Preferences again and let's go down here to performance is you want to change your history States from the default of I don't know what is it 10 or 12 or 25 I don't even remember crank this up you know 50 100 something like that that way you can undo many many many many times and really take advantage of the the whole history panel and the idea of undoing in Photoshop you'll be surprised even with 50 history states how quickly you know using the brush tool you know 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 how quickly 50 adds up so if your computer can handle it crank that thing way up so change and edit the number of history states you have in Photoshop preferences performance you won't regret it as long as you have a decent amount of RAM in your computer all right so next up let's talk about saving exporting and a few different file types and let's get through this quickly because this is the last this is the 15th thing and this tutorial look at it it's taken long enough right so what we have here I just applied a couple adjustment layers made a couple changes to this photo maybe added a little mid-tone punch to a little richness a little contrast all that let's talk about saving as a PSD so you can save as a PSD by going file save as and from the format here Photoshop is a dot PSD and we save it as a dot PSD we can open it back up Photoshop will have all of our layers intact and we can do with it as we wish now if you want to choose a different format you can come into here and just choose JPEG or PNG or you know whatever you want from from this a tiff file there's a bunch of different large document format there's a lot of different file types in here that you can choose typically I'm going photoshop or JPEG now the JPEG that you save out is not it's not a very optimized JPEG and that's putting it kindly so if we want to save this out for the web not only would we want to resize the photo or the the PSD or the image or whatever but we would save it out a little bit differently let's explore that right now so we could save this JPEG if we're just using it for a project where file size doesn't matter right now go ahead and save the highest quality JPEG you possibly can but if we're saving it for the web and sharing on the web we want to do it a little bit differently so we go file export and choose export as the export as dialog box is going to appear and it's going to say look here's your image great we got you know sizing options that has to do with some web graphic stuff and Retina display as you can you know 2 X + 3 X + 1.5 X or whatever you want your image you can choose the format you want to save it in and when you're saving for the web typically you got your SVG graphics your PNG graphics your JPEGs and your jiff files gif files jiff files whatever we want to call it I'm going to roll with JPEG since this is a photo for the most part you're not going to go with PNG when you've got a large photo like this we're going to go JPEG you can adjust the image size right here now this is important because a moment ago I said change the size of your PSD will remember your PSD is your working file so if you don't want to change the size of your PSD and you just want to change the size of the file on export you can do that so you can say alright I really only need this file to be 1,900 pixels wide so it's going to scale you can see 45.7 1% you can even choose the way it's sampling out of Photoshop to get the highest quality what that's basically choosing the algorithm that Photoshop is going to use the size up or down depending on the options you punch in and the more you become acquainted with Photoshop the more you're going to realize certain algorithms work better for resizing or for building up what's a call to enhancing not enhancing enlarging that's a word I'm looking for enlarging a photo so certain algorithms are better for enlarging certain algorithms are better for downsizing bicubic automatic is a good one to go with Photoshop will kind of automatically choose what it thinks is best you can choose to embed metadata blah blah blah really we're not getting into that here colorspace the same thing don't worry about that so once you do that you can choose export all and Photoshop is going to say hey where would you like to save it I'm just going to say right here and this folder is a Photoshop cafe and we're gonna say - I I for like version 2 choose export and voila it's going to be well Photoshop is going to open up the folder for us here as we see and here's woman in cafe - - and there's the original image so you can very quickly save out a JPEG now let's talk about something else real quick I'm going to just minimize that let's let's go to let's go to the boat image again actually and I'm just going to resize this image I'm gonna make it pretty small 2000 pixels wide hit OK now sometimes when you're exporting web graphics especially you want a transparent background I'm going to unlock my background layer here and I'm gonna I'm going to break some rules here I'm just gonna use the eraser tool and we're just gonna put a big old circle wah blam right there in the middle maybe that's a little bit too big a big circle right there in the middle how do I export and maintain transparency with a graphic well you need to export as a PNG the Jif can also handle transparency but PNG is like the high quality photo quality graphic it's a bit bigger in the final size Department but let's check it out so we go file export export as and you can see here if I export this as a JPEG my whole just gets filled with you know the color white I won't slip there and so it's I'm really bad let's go JPEG or let's go PNG I'm sorry and you can see we can tick on transparency we shut it off and of course it's it's white but you want to take it on so you can preserve transparency now there is an option here for a smaller 8-bit PNG file the 8-bit PNG files tend to be pretty bad in terms of the quality of the image that's exported um you probably want to stick with the 24-bit PNG which is like your default PNG files gonna be a little bit larger but it's going to be worth it because the quality is can be so much better and then same thing you just go export all choose where you want to save it you're going to save a dot PNG so you can export out a plethora of file types via export as or just saving as and to a file that you want to save outta Photoshop and oh by the way the common mistake here is choosing a PNG 8 to save file size and not realizing the damage that it will wreak or the havoc it will wreak on your beautiful photo especially if it's a photo that you're exporting with really a photo or anything with gradients I should say that you're exporting that has transparency you really want to stick with the default PNG the PNG 24 as it used to be known in the old save for web dialog box in Photoshop so that's really it's that's saving exporting and talking about file types in Photoshop and how to get your stuff from PSD to where you can save it on the web and that's really all of that stuff 15 concepts that I really tried to dive into that I really wanted to share a few minutes on some of them five six seven minutes per item in Photoshop this is a long tutorial but consider this a full-course a zero to hero jump into Photoshop two hours ago or longer you knew far less about Photoshop and now you have a better grasp of the program if you have questions please leave a comment below I'll do my best to go in and answer questions where I can hopefully people in the comments will be kind enough to give you some support and help you with your problem in Photoshop make sure you smash the like button for this video also share this video if you a friend share it on facebook share with friends so you think I could use some Photoshop help or just on social media in general it all helps this video go up and go on up as what I like so for 15 incredible concepts and features and tool sets in Photoshop that are going to help you and be a beginners guide they're going to take you up up up up up that's it get it got it 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